Animal Farm By George Orwell - 1384 Words

Animal Farm is a book written by George Orwell in 1945. It was made into an animated movie in 1954. It is an allegory about real life political situations that have occurred around the world. In this essay I will discuss how it relates to actual political circumstances, how particular techniques were used in the film to enhance the meaning and comparison of real events, how Farmer Jones ruled, how the animals proved their resentment towards Farmer Jones, how their communist system operated, how egotism took over Napoleon, how he was biased towards the pigs, how the system fell apart, how corruption occurs, what a fair society could look like and how it could potentially be achieved. The historical background of this novel is the Russian Revolution of 1917 which introduced communism as a new form of government. All of the characters represent a figurehead from the path to the creation of communism, such as Farmer Jones, who reflected Tsar Nicholas II. Some animals represented a group of people, such as Boxer, who played the part of the working class people that tried really hard to complete their given task and sustain the current communist situation against all of the odds. These were the people who were forgotten and weren’t properly recognised for all the work they did. Their endurance was what made communism possible and in some cases, successful. The idea of communism was excellent, but the execution of it was worse. Communism was not a popular concept. GeorgeShow MoreRelatedAnimal Farm And George Orwell By George Orwell1034 Words   |  5 Pages Eric Arthur Blair, under the pseudonym of George Orwell, composed many novels in his lifetime that were considered both politically rebellious and socially incorrect. Working on the dream since childhood, Orwell would finally gain notoriety as an author with his 1945 novel Animal Farm, which drew on personal experiences and deeply rooted fear to satirically critique Russian communism during its expansion. Noticing the impact he made, he next took to writing the novel 1984, which similarly criticizedRead MoreAnimal Farm By George Orwell1397 Words   |  6 PagesAn important quote by the influential author of Animal Farm, George Orwell, is, â€Å"Every line of serious work that I have written since 1936 has been written, directly or indirectly, against totalitarianism.† George Orwell, a Democratic Socialist, wrote the book Animal Farm as an attack on the Communist country of Russia (â€Å"The Political Ideas of George Orwell,† worldsocialism.org). He had a very strong disliking of Communism and the Socialist party of Russia. However, he insisted on finding the truthRead MoreAnimal Farm, By George Orwell1545 Words   |  7 Pagesallow because an this elite institution of people often use this gear to dominate and oppress society. In George Orwell’s story, Animal Farm, Orwell demonstrates that education is a powerful weapon and is a device that can be used to at least one’s benefit. Living in a world where strength is a straightforward to benefit, the pigs quick use education to govern the relaxation of the animals on the farm to serve themselves worked to their advantage. This story in shows the underlying message that   firstRead MoreAnimal Farm By George Orwell944 Words   |  4 Pageslegs(Orwell 132). He carried a whip in his trotter(Orwell 133). In the novel Animal Farm by George Orwell, animals have the ability to talk and form their own ethos, Animalism. Animal Farm is an intriguing allegory by George Orwell, who is also th e author of 1984, includes many enjoyable elements. More knowledge of the author, his use of allegorical elements, themes, symbols, and the significance in the real world, allows the reader to get more out of this glance into the future. George OrwellRead MoreAnimal Farm, By George Orwell876 Words   |  4 Pagesrebellious animals think no man means freedom and happiness, but they need to think again. The animals of Manor Farm rebel against the farm owner, Mr. Jones, and name it Animal Farm. The animals create Animalism, with seven commandments. As everything seems going well, two of the animals get into a rivalry, and things start changing. Food starts disappearing and commandments are changed, and the power begins to shift. Father of dystopian genre, George Orwell writes an interesting allegory, Animal FarmRead MoreAnimal Farm by George Orwell1100 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: Widely acknowledged as a powerful allegory, the 1945 novella Animal Farm, conceived from the satirical mind of acclaimed author George Orwell, is a harrowing fable of a fictional dystopia that critiques the socialist philosophy of Stalin in terms of his leadership of the Soviet Union. Tired of their servitude to man, a group of farm animals revolt and establish their own society, only to be betrayed into worse servitude by their leaders, the pigs, whose initial virtuous intentionsRead MoreAnimal Farm By George Orwell1538 Words   |  7 PagesMecca Animal Farm The Russian Revolution in 1917 shows how a desperate society can be turned into a military superpower filled with terror and chaos. George Orwell uses his book, Animal Farm, to parallel this period of time in history. This book is an allegory of fascism and communism and the negative outcomes. The animals begin with great unity, working toward a common goal. The government then becomes corrupted by the temptations of power. George Orwell uses the characters in Animal Farm to showRead MoreAnimal Farm by George Orwell1175 Words   |  5 PagesAn enthusiastic participant in the Spanish civil war in 1936, George Orwell had a great understanding of the political world and made his strong opinions known through his enlightening literary works, many of which are still read in our modern era. Inspired by the 1917 Russian Revolution and the failed society it resulted in, Animal Farm by George Orwell is an encapsulating tale that epitomises how a free utopian society so idealistic can never be accomplished. The novella exemplifies how influencesRead MoreAnimal Farm, By George Orwell1089 Words   |  5 PagesIn George Orwell’s â€Å"Animal Farm†, the pigs as the farm leaders, use unknown language, invoke scare tactics and create specific laws, thereby enabling them to control other animals, to suit their greedy desires, and to perform actions outside their realm of power. Because of the pigs’ use of broad language, and the implementation of these tactics they are able to get away with avoiding laws, and are able to convince other animals into believing untrue stories that are beneficial to the pigs. The firstRead MoreAnimal Farm, By George Orwell1212 Words   |  5 PagesShe stood there over the dead animals thinking to herself what have we come to? We try to become free but we just enslave ourselves to a so called superior kind. Napoleon killed the animals in front of the whole farm and said that this was to be the punishment for the traitors. Snowball was known as a traitor now and anyone conspiring with him would be killed. Snowball and Napoleon both represent historical characters during the Russian revolution in 1917.Snowball who was one of the smartest pigs

The Public Health Professionals Should Be Viewed As Agents

In my opinion, the public health professionals should be viewed as agents that propagate changes in their communities, undoubtedly, the history of the American Public Health Care System coupled with the world health Organization’s history of the public health depicts the dedication of many public health professionals to the health of their communities. These professionals have gone above and beyond their call of duties to assure their communities and other communities around them enjoy a better health. Certainly, without the public health professionals’ collaboration with the other stakeholders in their communities to championing their communities’ health needs, majority of the community health projects enacted in most would have failed. Great examples are successful health programs such as the one that eradication of smallpox, and polio in America. Also, worth noting are the current fights against adult and childhood obesity, heart diseases, HIV/AIDS to name a few (Turnock, 2016; Mooney, 2005). On the global front, there are various community health professionals in collaborating with the World Health Organizations or UNICEF to create a better health for their communities. Some examples in this scenario are the fight against malaria and cholera in many African countries and refugee camps across the globe. All of which are made possible by the dedicated domestic and international public health care professionals (WHO, 2016). According to Turnock (2016), the majority ofShow MoreRelatedPerception Of Public Health Professionals834 Words   |  4 Pagesperception of public health professionals in their communities today, are they considered change agents in their communities? In my opinion, the public health professionals should be viewed as agents that propagate changes in their communities. Undoubtedly, the history of the American Public Health Care System coupled with the world health Organization’s history of the public health depicts the dedication of many public health professionals to the health of their communities. These professionals have goneRead MoreSymptoms And Treatments Of Addiction1307 Words   |  6 Pagesand utilize the one that best fits the start, severity, and course of an individual’s addiction. The models that will be addressed, when it comes to the etiology of addiction, are: Agent Models, Personal Responsibility Models, Dispositional Models, Sociocultural Models, and the Public Health Perspective Models. The Agent model puts primary emphasis on the strength of the effect of drugs. In this model, this means that anyone who is exposed to any particular substance is at risk of addiction due toRead MoreCommunity As A Social Environment1624 Words   |  7 Pages Community as an Actor in Public Health In recent times, the nature of the community has been distorted and this caused a variety of social problems emerge in the society. Industrialization, urbanization, migration and individualistic thinking have played a major role in disorganizing community sense in people. In urban society, the basic features of the community have been displaced by the values of individualism, egocentrism, materialism and capitalism, which gave rise of an anomaly, anonymityRead MoreNursing Professional Identity Essay1693 Words   |  7 Pagesdevelopment of nursing on contemporary representations of the nursing profession. It examines the professional identity of nursing and further discusses the contribution of modern nursing, social, cultural and political factors that influences the professional identity of a nurse. The essay also looks into the professional regulations and the role of the nurse’s and midwifery Council (NMC) in the protection of the public. Finally, this essay will discuss n ursing education, the media, stereotype, and their impactsRead MoreNursing Professional Identity Essay1599 Words   |  7 Pagesof nursing impact on contemporary representations of the nursing profession. It will examine professional identity of the profession and further discusses the value of modern nursing, social, cultural and political factors that influence the professional identity of the nurse. I will also discuss the professional regulation and the role of the nurse’s midwifery Council (NMC) in the protection of the public. Finally, this essay will discuss nursing education, the media, stereotype, and their impactsRead MoreEssay on Codes of Practice1513 Words   |  7 PagesEthics and values apply to our personal and professional lives. Ethics are a notion of one’s actions, which originates from ideology of an individual doing what is right not wrong. According to the dictionary ethics is the â€Å"branch of philosophy dealing with values relating to human conduct, with respect to the rightness and wrongness of certain actions and to the goodness and badness of the motives and ends of such actions.† These beliefs are amassed to help a person determine how their actions willRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legal? Essay1449 Words   |  6 Pagesof the world Euthanasia is illegal. Many countries have denied the right to euthanasia, but is that fair and ethical? It is the painless killing of a patient’s agony from an incurable and painful disease. Euthanasia should be legal. Someone who is sick and under unbearable pain should have the right to end their suffering. Euthanasia comes from the Greek words, Eu (good) and Thanatosis (death) and it means Good Death†. In ancient Greece and Rome, before Christianity, many ancient Greeks and RomansRead MoreBiomedical Model And Social Model Of Health1669 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscuss the biomedical model and social model of health, and see how the two relate to Lay perspective on health and illness. AccordingHealth can be viewed as the state of being fit and well, as well as a state of mental sanity (WHO 2005). According to Blaxter (2004), if a person can perform daily functions such as going to work, taking care of the household, etc he/she is considered healthy. Many studies have found that lay people define health as the absence of illness, However being healthyRead MoreAccording To Erchul Martens (2012), The Earliest Consultation1202 Words   |  5 Pagescaretaker helped these caretakers to have different perspective that lead to how they effectively dealt with their consultees’ problem behaviors. This practiced was initially known as â€Å"counseling health consultation,† but was later renamed â€Å"mental health consultation,† to reflect the ultimate professional concern, wherein the consultees were not undergoing psychotherapy. During this process Caplan discovered that meeting the consultees in their own institution was a vital component pertainin g toRead MoreThe Letting Agencies1618 Words   |  6 PagesCommunities and Local Government, 2012) †¢ ‘3.6 million children in the United Kingdom live in poverty after their housing costs have been paid’ (Cribb, Joyce, and Phillip 2012) †¢ ‘Unlike estate agents who buy and sell properties, letting agents are less regulated and are not governed by the 1979 Estate Agent’ (BBC, 2013) There was also some research conducted regarding the audience and their preferred communication channels. †¢ â€Å"We believe that, used correctly, social media is a powerful tool in helping

Essay On Abortion Example For Students

Essay On Abortion Every year in the United States 25% of all pregnancies results in an abortion, this adds up to over a million abortions a year. This clearly illustrates that there is problem of over aborting innocent fetuses in our society. I am a firm believer that abortion should be restricted, to minimize its use. I believe that our current society is using abortion as a form of contraceptive. I believe abortion does have its place, and should not be banned altogether. However I do believe when it is used form of birth control that it is being used incorrectly. When examining the issue of abortion there are many questions to consider. What if the mother wants the baby, and the father doesnt? What if the father wants the baby and the mother doesnt? What if the decision is made to abort the fetus in the first trimester as opposed to the second or third trimesters? What if the mother was impregnated by an act of rape? What if going on with the pregnancy could cause harm to mother? All of these questions raised are touchy issues. All of these questions bring up good points for both sides of this debate. Many people who are pro choice claim that the mother has a right to privacy, and to deny them the decision to abort is going against this right. They believe that since this decision affects the womens body, that this should be her private business. I really dont like this argument. I believe that the right to privacy no longer exists when the decision effects more than the person involved in the decision. When a woman makes the decision to have an abortion it affects many people involved, rather than just the mother. The father is also greatly affected by this decision. The father should have equal say in this decision making process. In any case that the father wants to keep the child, the woman should not have the right to abort. This theory work both ways, if the mother wants to keep on with the pregnancy and the father wants to terminate it, by no means should the mother have to grant the father his wishes. I think John Stuart Mills harm principle supports my argument. Mills pri nciple believes that a person has a right to do whatever they choose as long as they cause no harm, or the potential of harm to others. When a mother makes a decision to abort the pregnancy the father can defiantly be mentally harmed by her decision. Another issue about abortion is when the abortion actually occurs. A pregnancy is divided into three time periods. These time periods are called trimesters. Each trimester is 13 weeks, which adds up to 9 months, the duration of a normal pregnancy. The question about this issue is when does actual human life begin. Many people feel in the first trimester that the fetus is not viable. If the fetus cannot survive on its own, then it is not a life, so it can be terminated. I dont like this argument either. I believe once conception occurs that there is a valuable life in existence. I realize that it may not be able to survive on its own, but there is still enough there to protect. After learning of a pregnancy many excited expecting families begin to prepare for their new addition. They have baby showers, build a baby room and buy baby cloths as well as many other items in preparation for this big event. Surely they are not making all these decisions without knowing for sure if a baby is on the way. They are making these arrangements happen because they know what is going to happen in near future. The fetus might not be viable at the time of all these plans, but they know in the matter of months it will be. This argument also works both ways. People, who decide to abort the fetus, know damn well they are discontinuing a potential life. Even if the fetus cant survive on its own, it is only a matter of a few short months before it will be able to. When a mother concludes that she is going to abort a pregnancy, she is deciding to kill an inevitable life. The point to this argument is not rather the fetus is viable at a particular stage of the pregnancy; rather the fetus is a life that is beginning to happen. .u5546e03f93cea96149b19654e0d5c19a , .u5546e03f93cea96149b19654e0d5c19a .postImageUrl , .u5546e03f93cea96149b19654e0d5c19a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5546e03f93cea96149b19654e0d5c19a , .u5546e03f93cea96149b19654e0d5c19a:hover , .u5546e03f93cea96149b19654e0d5c19a:visited , .u5546e03f93cea96149b19654e0d5c19a:active { border:0!important; } .u5546e03f93cea96149b19654e0d5c19a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5546e03f93cea96149b19654e0d5c19a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5546e03f93cea96149b19654e0d5c19a:active , .u5546e03f93cea96149b19654e0d5c19a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5546e03f93cea96149b19654e0d5c19a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5546e03f93cea96149b19654e0d5c19a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5546e03f93cea96149b19654e0d5c19a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5546e03f93cea96149b19654e0d5c19a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5546e03f93cea96149b19654e0d5c19a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5546e03f93cea96149b19654e0d5c19a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5546e03f93cea96149b19654e0d5c19a .u5546e03f93cea96149b19654e0d5c19a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5546e03f93cea96149b19654e0d5c19a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Book Review of â€Å"Night† by Elie Wiesel Sample EssayAs I said in the beginning of this argument I do believe abortion has its time and place. I really believe when a woman becomes impregnated by rape, that she has the sole right to abort this pregnancy. I believe J.S Mills harm principle works here too. I believe that if a woman goes through the pregnancy and gives birth to a child that was created by an act of rape; she is subjecting herself to potential harm. I also believe any child created by an act of rape could potentially be exposed to harm as well. I believe any woman who goes through something as tragic as rape should not be forced to have a constant rem inder of this event. I do not think its fair to force the woman to go through a 9 month pregnancy, be forced to take maternity leave from work and pay the medical expenses of the pregnancy, when she never intended to become pregnant. I really believe that in most cases abortion is an absolute wrong. I believe abortion is being used as an expensive form of contraceptive. I believe that people should be held accountable for their decisions. If people fetus will soon turn into a precious innocent newborn child. choose to consent to sexual intercourse, they choose to accept the responsibilities that come with the act of sex. I do not believe this is an issue of when the fetus is viable; I believe this is an issue of knowing that the fetus will involve into a precious innocent children. Words/ Pages : 1,004 / 24

Businesss Puma Company Brand Essay Example For Students

Businesss Puma Company Brand Essay Outline1 Puma Company Brand1.1 1. Executive Summary1.2 1.1 Introduction1.3 1.1.2 Macro –environmental factors1.4 1.1.3 Rivalry between rivals1.5 1.1.4 Selling schemes1.6 1.1.5 Strategic group mapping to place rivals1.7 Strategic Group Map on Footwear Mark1.8 2 Puma’s strengths and failing1.9 2.1 Strength1.10 2.1.2 Failing1.11 Poor trade name Image1.12 Luck of clients1.13 2.1.3 Virtuality1.14 2.1.4 Virtuality as strength for cougar1.15 Information sharing1.16 Hi engineering substructure1.17 Virtual warehouse1.18 3 Wining schemes1.19 3.1 Fits the Company’s state of affairs good1.20 Addition in orders1.21 Global branded Gross saless growing1.22 Amalgamate gross revenues1.23 Puma embarked on stage IV1.24 Puma’s stockholders value1.25 Good balance sheet1.26 3.1.2 Competitive advantage1.27 Knowledge and Expertise1.28 3.1.3 Better company public presentation1.29 Selling run1.30 Use of engineering1.31 4. Coup detat1.32 4.1 Strategic benefits1.33 6. Bibliography Puma Company Brand 1. Executive Summary Puma AG is a transnational company that is based in German and industries high athletic and sportswear places both for adult females and work forces, It was founded by Rudolf Dassler after a difference with his brother Adi Dassler with whom they had founded the Dassler Schuhfabrik in 1924. Puma had a really hapless trade name image that show a diminution in its market portion and prompted cougar to alter it strategic determinations to better on its image, this procedure of alteration was led by Jochen Zeitz Puma CEO based on stages one to four of strategic program to alter puma’s image so that it can vie favourable in the market place and within a twosome of old ages Jochen Zeitz had alteration puma’s trade name image into one of the most desirable and sought after trade name of athletic wear and footwear worn both buy famous persons and manner followings all over the word. 1.1 Introduction Puma was founded in Dassler Schuhfabrik, Herzogenaurach, Germany by Rudolf Dassler after a difference with his brother Adi Dassler with whom they had founded the Dassler Schuhfabrik in 1924. Until early 2003 cougar had a really hapless trade name image that show a diminution in its market portion and prompted cougar to alter it strategic determinations to better on its image, this procedure of alteration was led by Jochen Zeitz Puma CEO based on stages one to four of strategic program to alter puma’s image so that it can vie favourable in the market place and within a twosome of old ages Jochen Zeitz had alteration puma’s trade name image into one of the most desirable and sought after trade name of athletic wear and footwear worn both buy famous persons and manner followings all over the word. This study is divided in three parts, Part one presents the factors that influenced cougar to alter it trade name image and it farther goes to depict these factors under Macro-environmental analysis establishing on market tendencies, competition between clients and strategic group function. The 2nd portion presents the puma’s resources and capablenesss in footings of strengths and failing every bit good every bit virtuallity every bit seen as strengthens and the 3rd portion of the study presents puma’s winning schemes establishing on cougar state of affairs that fits the company, sustainable completive advantages and as a better acting company. Harmonizing to instance survey of Puma AG ( in Thompson, A.A. , Strickland, A.J. and Gamble, J. ( 2005 ) Crafting and Executing Strategy ( Fourteenth Edition ) , McGraw-Hill, New York, pages C411- C432 ) , The environmental and competitory factors that influenced Puma’s strategic determination to better its Brand image is identified under Macro- environmental factors, competition between rivals and strategic group function as below. 1.1.2 Macro –environmental factors Lack of societal credence of Puma trade name from the upper category clients who were non willing to have on the trade name because they considered to of hapless quality and were sold â€Å"dirt-cheap† Puma’s trade name was compromised and this a affected it’s value for illustration Rudi’s boy wanted cougar merchandises to make all the clients of all societal back land and this move was seen by the upper category people as some thing below them and they can non be seen have oning the same trade name as people on public assistance receivers. In order for cougar trade name to be accepted as a high quality trade name of value, force cougar to alter and better its trade name so that it can be socially accepted by clients. Change in clients gustatory sensation and manner for illustration there was high demand for supports ware and manner dresss tend that was oriented toward high value and lifestyle merchandises, this alteration in clients demand influenced cougar to alter it’s trade name image to run into the clients turning demand Demographic alteration in association football market for illustration their was a high demand to react to demands of both childs playing on local pitch and subjects soccer squad playing professional at international degree that required high quality trade name and in order for cougar to tap in to these demographic alteration cougar needed to better its trade name image. Market alteration of 1980 when athleticss trade name became more dynamic and consumers taste diversified into new and more exciting high monetary value that make merchandises more desirable this forced cougar to alter its trade name image so that they can bear down high monetary value as clients associate high monetary values with quality of trade name or merchandise and the more extremely charged the more desirable the trade name. Introduction of niches in the market offered attractive growing rates both incumbent and new market participants for illustration skateboarding markets, golf athleticss, athleticss equipments for out door activities made puma alteration its trade name image, for illustration for cougar to bask this attractive growing its trade name has to be of high quality. Unifying of industries to organize one large group for illustration Rosso joined forces with several other industries in northern Italy to organize Genius group this was seen as a menace because this means more resources and strong fiscal base and this led to high disconnected planetary market and for cougar to last in a extremely disconnected market it needed to alter its trade name image Puma’s trade name was disreputable and had lost specailised athleticss traders in its distribution web in order for cougar to derive its distribution web it had to better on its trade name image 1.1.3 Rivalry between rivals Puma greatest competitions are from the undermentioned rivals: Nike Inc Nike is the figure one athleticss trade name in universe over and from the instance survey Based in USA Has got sub trade name like Tiger words and Michael Jordan Adidas Salomon AG Deals on nucleus athleticss ( association football, sports A ; skiing ) Has got stronger fiscal resources Has got it’s selling and design sections in Germany and France Prada Sports Luxury trade name It has entered in to athleticss sections four old ages ago Deals in voguish manner wear of high monetary values Diesel Based in Italy Manner trade name, majoring in dark glassess, footwear Rivals entered the market such as Adidas, Nike, Rebook among others entered the market and made competition for market portion was really high and these rivals had better quality trade name than cougars and among them, they shared 27 % of the market portion, this stiff competition influenced cougar to better on it’s trade name image to last to last in the competitory market Nike was the biggest rival of all and it had the largest market portion for illustration Nike was became the world’s largest athleticss equipment industry in the late 1980 and keep this place since so. Puma was covering in about indistinguishable merchandises like cougar but its trade name was hapless so in order to hold a portion in the market topographic point cougar needed to better on its trade name image. Adidas-Salomon was besides another rival that entered the market as the 2nd world’s largest manufacturer of athleticss equipment industry in universe with about $ 6.5 billion in gross revenues and was present in every state this put cougar in a really hard state of affairs and in order for cougar to hold a favourable portion in the market it needed to alter its trade name Reebok besides entered the market at the clip when cougar trade name was hapless, Reebok was the universe tierce largest participant in the athleticss market, Reebok identified footwear industry as a cardinal market and began to sharply into abroad market this expand was seen as a menace to puma and to last it puma had to alter its trade name image Prada though a luxury bran, it besides started trade in sportswear four old ages ago and this is a menace for Puma and because though the monetary value for Prada trade name is high, it high quality goods do attack client who are willing to pass for illustration super starts, this is a menace to puma because cougar has to non merely with Prada but with Nike, Adidas and Reebok for clients. 1.1.4 Selling schemes Acquisitions of groups for illustration Rosso bought out other spouses and embarked on growing and enlargement this means more competition for market portions as he built a solid and huge distribution platform across five continents describing one-year gross revenues of $ 330 million with luxury trade name merchandising denims for every bit much as $ 100- $ 200 a brace doing it’s trade name more appealing to clients and in order for cougar to last Such a hash market, it needed to alter its trade name image Inventions as a selling scheme for illustration Nike diversified his merchandise portfolio to aim people of ages 20 -30 with enthusiastic athleticss entreaty, Reebok changed its selling scheme and began passage toward football, baseball and association football which Puma was one of puma merchandise line and in order for cougar to pull new clients it has to alter it trade name image for illustration cougar planing and new functionality in new aggregations and launched retro expressions of the 1970s/80s All companies engaged in monolithic advertizement for their trade name a consciousness so that they can vie favourable in the market for illustration in Nike selling scheme, it focused on patronizing immense events and popular events, Reebok besides sponsored popular events and had a licensing understanding with national basket association that increased its trade name consciousness To vie with each other favorability each company outsource production and natural stuffs where their cost was inexpensive and labor was available this enables each company to cut on production cost. Product distinction causes restraints on competition for illustration the is high competition for illustration between Nike, Adidas and Reebok because thought there is high trade name designation in the market they about dealt in similar athleticss equipments which offer client the use. 1.1.5 Strategic group mapping to place rivals Strategic Group Map on Footwear Mark From the strategic group function, the competition between Puma and Nike is really low and puma doesn’t pose a menace because Puma doesn’t adequate market portions as compared to Nike, This is because Puma is a phase where its trade name is hapless and clients are non willing to purchase puma merchandises and this explains why the place of cougar and Nike are far a portion from each The close placement of Nike, Adidas and Reebok are and narrow and about tight because they are viing for about the same size for illustration the competition between Adidas and Reebok are about of the same size in market portion and they have to maintain viing for the market with no laterality from Adidas and Reebok as a prima competition, this is because the cost of production is low and so is the cost of labor The cost of exchanging from one trade name to another is really low for clients the competition houses because clients can freely purchase from another from Nike, Adidas and Reebok particularly where there is no trade name royalty that’s why they are so near together Nike, Adidas and Reebok entered the market about at the same clip when puma’s trade name image needed bettering this cause high competition for the market portions and for clients and this explains why less room for enlargement for Nike, Adidas and Reebok that needs to protect it’s market portion from Puma The cost of production was low between the competition houses as most of had outsourced all production and natural stuff where they were cheap to bring forth, this made the market so unstable and due to high competition for the market portion. 2 Puma’s strengths and failing 2.1 Strength Puma had coaction with some of the celebrated interior decorators from different cultural back land for illustration puma’s new undertakings were developed under the supervisings of trendsetters like Yashuiro Mihara and Jil smoothers which are strongly influenced by kickboxing. This cooperation and coaction opened a new broad market for cougar for illustration where high manner meets sportswear, for illustration this coaction led cougar to produced high quality trade name that suppers starts like Madonna were happy to be spotted wear puma trade name and this made many manner and trade name wearer purchase more of cougar merchandises Puma launched new aggregations which blended with athleticss, life style and manner for illustration cougar curato places, unala cropped woven women’s ware which are really sport stylish and voguish, such causal sportswear became similar really twenty-four hours sort of wear for certain age group for illustration the immature starts who identified themselves with cougar logo and manner, this made it easy for cougar to aim and make the right market as at the right clip as puma knew it’s market and clients good Variable Cost and Unit Selling Price EssayBased on both Barney’s work and the definition in the lexicon, a sustainable competitory Advantage is defined as long term benefit of implementing some alone value-creating scheme non presently being implemented by any known or possible rivals along with the incapableness to double the benefits of this scheme. Factors that have enabled cougars achieve sustainable competitory advantage are identified below Knowledge and Expertise Puma has utilizations expertness in design cognition with major competences in all parts of design and selling for illustration with the acquisition of Puma by PPR group has enabled cougars to utilize PPR big base design squad to bring forth high quality of desirable trade names, this cognition and expertness makes puma completive set a portion from it’s chief rivals. Brand as completive advantage Pumas trade name is so strong and dynamic harmonizing to Zeitz that by 2003 puma’s popularity was so strong that mega starts like Madonna was proud to have on Puma’s, This trade name image and associations of it’s trade name with international starts is of competitory advantage in merchandising of dress and footwear because it brings about promotion for cougar and trade name consciousness and open up locales for other chances for illustration by 2003 cougar marks a trade to be the official provider of dress and footwear to the FIA universe mass meeting title-holder. Expansion into other market Puma has been spread outing its market particularly in China, for illustration cougar has unfastened many shops in Olympic small town in China to showcase new aggregation and run into the demand for Puma’s footwear demand, this enlargement has attacked new clients and cougar has provided support to single athleticss personality for illustration, the CEO of Puma is quoted as â€Å" If we find the right individual we will see partnering with those Chinese athleticss starts† ( China daily describe 26,2007 ) Advanced merchandises Puma has a advantage in footwear, dress and accoutrements because it a batch easier for cougar but manner know who with the aid of interior decorators and the CEO of cougar has the apprehension of manner â€Å"the new combination of elements of past† in which when cougar spots a new tendency alternatively of doing a new trade name, puma uses it old trade name to plan and this counted for 10 % of footwear, dress and accoutrements based on the old design and this besides made puma a tendency starting motor. In footwear cougar besides collaborated with sought after interior decorators like Stella McCartney, Alexander McQueen to bring forth new line of women’s and men’s footwear which was launched in the spring of 2006 Broad consumer entreaty Puma offer a really diverse merchandise line for everyone and this histories for the wide client entreaty because there is merchandise for everyone. In the spring aggregation of 2003 did Carter for both male and female for illustration Nuala merchandise line with cropped woven bloomerss and Nuala Nylon coat for adult females every bit good as Kings US Secret Service association football shirts that catered for both work forces and adult females. Puma besides ventured into Action athleticss line for emerging athleticss like BMX skateboarding and downhill mountain bicycling making Pt series offering causal footwear and dress and accoutrements for such events Relational market asserts Puma has got greater bond with its clients this has forged a working relationship work with clients to industries extremely alone and customized trade names for illustration in the instance survey cougar promoted the â€Å"top victor thrift† a aggregation of 510 alone and single places that were created out of recycle fabrics from Jeans and ties, with the purchase of such points, clients allowed to come in puma’s sole community on the web. Supplies to run into the assorted demands of consumers Puma’s major provider was Yue Yuen, the largest provider of footwear, so when the demand for peculiar footwear goes up cougar is more readily meets the demand from changeless supply of branded merchandises from YueYuen. Intellectual market asserts Puma has great in deepness cognition sing clients demands and penchants for illustration cougar has gained cognition and credibleness in athletic wear and equipment, this was a consequences of many old ages of trading on the same merchandise line and which made it really easy to hold competitory advantage over others manner industry, this cognition made it easy for cougar to re-launch merchandises that clients most prefer to hold. 3.1.3 Better company public presentation Selling run Puma participated in assorted selling runs to originate client trade name consciousness for illustration it sponsored large events, chose music telecasting channel which was known for its immature audience who tired to distinguish themselves and targeted them with cougar adverts, this has resulted in o better public presentation because it improved trade name consciousness which in bends led to high gross revenues public presentation. Out sourced production Puma outsourced all productions and natural stuff procurances in European were to expensive and natural Martial were inexpensive in Asians states, this allow cougar to cut down it’s working capital and let cougar to shorten the production and enable full quality control of input factors, this consequences in a better company public presentation because it enables cougars to run into the market needs efficaciously and salvage a batch of money from holding its production and stuff from a inexpensive beginning Use of engineering Puma invention of the â€Å"cell technology† which introduced the froth –free midsole where alone designs were made by single designs and athleticss work forces were convinced to have on pumas merchandises for illustration cougar introduced the All-In-One ‘UniQT’ for the Cameroon football squad at the 2004 African Cup of Nations. The new ‘UniQT’ is the replacement of the sleeveless shirt worn by the Cameroon squad in the 2002 African Cup of Nations, this has resulted in to break company public presentation because with the alone manners of athleticss wear more and more promotion was being done for cougar and doing the trade name more known hence doing puma merchandise line good known and increasing gross revenues Harmonizing to ( Carty, Victoria 2001, 34-66 ) â€Å"Almost all administrations of any sensible size have some sort of strategic planning† and strategic planning direction was/is a chief portion of cougar schemes of a better public presentation company for illustration cougar knew that rhythm for each athletics differ from athletics to feature and establishing on the general regulation of thrum that a rhythm lasts for 12 to15 old ages with 5 to 8 old ages of a merchandise popularity and that it’s demand lowers, this indicates that investings in new merchandise line demand to be planned good in progresss and this is what cougar did for illustration in 2003 cougar entered the cricket market get downing in Austria, South Africa and Africa where cricket going trendy and was expected to be grow in popularity. Planing and clocking market trends This planning and timing scheme makes Puma a better acting company because it’s easier for cougar to come in other subjects markets fast as its presence in the market is good known and every bit good as the trade name which in bend led to increase in gross revenues of footwear, accoutrements and dress. Collaborations with other spouses Collaborations with other spouses with athletic trade names for cougar for illustration the coaction with McQueen, this coaction brought the footwear, accoutrements and dress closer to the universe of high manner by for illustration this coaction lead to Puma opening up a shop in New York ace hip meatpacking territory a long side Alexander McQueen’s flagship shop. This aggregation was unveiled in September 2007 gross revenues growing and enlargements Puma direction confirmed addition in gross revenues on of footwear, dress and accoutrements for based on the fiscal consequences for the first one-fourth of 2008 this has come as a consequence of cougar outsourcing production and stuff to developing states where labor is inexpensive every bit good as cost of production, together with monolithic advertizement and selling, cougar gross revenues in all the three key markets saw high gross revenues growing. Puma has continued to open and spread out more in retail and retail- now how for illustration in 2007 cougar opened up 25 shops making more involvement in the shops and spread outing its customer’s base and determining the place of retail stores that aids to bring forth more growing and trade names quality. 4. Coup detat Take over is dealing that takes topographic point between two or more companies where one company lose it’s control to another company for illustration Puma relinquished all it control to Pinault Printemps Redoute, this return over come finalised by July ( Daily News, Record, 2006 111-123 ) Puma and Pinault Printemps Redoute will strategically profit from this move as discussed below 4.1 Strategic benefits PPR Economies of graduated tables Puma and Pinault Printemps Redoute will profit both from economic systems of graduated tables by uniting production and bring forthing big volume of footwear/luxury goods, the return over enables to both companies to bring forth goods economically by to the full using the works machineries during production clip for illustration by jointly bring forthing and new design save cost and by utilizing both engineerings the companies improve on development clip doing new designs to make clients on clip. Puma’s Economies of graduated table Puma uses the expertness and design cognition of PPR group this has enable Puma to bring forth high trade names enabling cougar to put it self as category apart from it’s rivals Synergies Synergies between cougar and Pinault Printemps Redoute is much greater than cougar or Pinault Printemps Redoute runing entirely, strategically puma will profit more because it will be given opportunity to broaden it merchandise line so that it has market for each sections in the market for illustration in the footwear, accoutrements, dress, snowboarding and skating and Pinault Printemps Redoute will go on bring forthing its luxury merchandise scope, this trade name distinction by cougar and Pinault Printemps Redoute will enable the houses fair good in the oligopoly markets. PPR group Growth Pinault Printemps Redoute has strategically benefit from growing in two ways, this can be internal or external, the return over will enable the company to turn fast and quickly for illustration to the Pinault Printemps Redoute web site, Puma’s 2007 part to PPR group amounted to ˆ1,718 million, that’s a rise of 3.6 % as compared to 2006 before the return over, in 2007 cougar contributed runing income of ˆ 236 million to PPR group that’s operating net income at 13.8 % gt ; after take over at 27.1 % control of cougar, Pinault Printemps Redoute increased in interest to 62.1 % on completion of the offer but this growing can besides attributes to sale residuary interest in France Printemps to RREEF and the Borletti Group every bit good as the acquisition by Redcats USA of united Retail Group Puma’s enlargement and Growth Puma benefited from this move through enlargement shiping on Phase IV of its strategic programs which included broade ning the merchandise line into non puma trade name every bit good as enlargement onto other parts. For illustration Puma benefitted from this move by spread outing to china markets where it opened up new shops to run into the footwear demand by showcasing it’s new aggregation in Olympic small town in readying for 2008 Olympics Reduce competition Strategically both Puma and Pinault Printemps Redoute will cut down competition between themselves and increase their market power to vie with other houses such as Nike and Adidas for illustration with a combine market, both companies will hold equal portion of market size which will be able to kill of competition from other trade names such as Adidas, Nike and Reebok which has strong competition with Puma for market portions for athletic wear and athleticss equipments Increased liquidness of ownership portions of the company Pinault Printemps Redoute has benefited from the return over by having a commanding interest in by selling monetary value portion of ˆ330 which raised tonss of liquid hard currency money for PPR and it commanding interest made PPR major determination doing refering cougar. High portion monetary value Puma benefited from the return over through portions sold at a monetary value of ˆ330 tot some of puma portion holders this besides made puma stockholder who bought portion in PPR it’s portion holder who benefits financially if PPR trades good on the stock market Stronger Financial base Until early 1980- 1990, Puma had a really hapless trade name image that show a diminution in its market portion and prompted cougar to alter it strategic determinations to better on its image, this procedure of alteration was led by Jochen Zeitz Puma CEO based on stages one to four of strategic program to alter puma’s image so that it can vie favourable in the market place and within a twosome of old ages Jochen Zeitz had alteration puma’s trade name image into one of the most desirable and sought after trade name of athletic wear and footwear worn both buy famous persons and manner followings all over the word. Puma is invariably introducing utilizing engineering, growing and trade name run consciousness. Puma’s hereafter is bright with a healthy. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ppr.com/front__sectionId-454_Changelang-en.html 6. Bibliography hypertext transfer protocol: //about.puma.com/ ( Accessed on 19/07/08 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ppr.com/front__sectionId-195_Changelang-en.htm ( Accessed on 19/07/08 ) Case 23 Puma AG, Lutz Kaufmann, The WHU Otto Beisheim Graduate School of Management ( Accessed on 12/05/08 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.slideshare.net/vitusmaren/marketing-plan-of-puma/ ( Accessed on 26/06/08 ) Bharadwaj, Varandaraj and Fay ( 1993 ) Stainable Competitive Advantage in Conceptual Model and Research Proposition Alderson ( 1965 ) The Search for Deferential Advantages Hall ( 1980 ) Survival Strategies in hostile Environments Henderson ( 1983 ) The Anatomy of Competition Porter ( 1985 ) Competitive Advantage: Creating and prolonging Superior public presentation Barney ( 1991 ) Firm Resources and Sustained Comparative Advantage hypertext transfer protocol: //www.pumabiz.com/downloads/58.pdf ( Accessed 26/07/08 )

the commute free essay sample

7:00am at the latest I leave Northford, CT, where I live to drive thirty to forty minutes to school. Every school morning my loving Dad and stepmom, wake me up. I struggle through the haze of sleepiness to shower, dress, and eat Breakfast at six in the morning, instead of ten minutes before the bell rings like most of my classmates, and then I’m off to school. During the forty minute drive,I have time to think all alone driving down the highway. Music only entertains me for a short while before I turn it down, and my mind starts to wander. I think about many things during this adventure to school that I embark on every day, such as the homework and what the purpose of it was, or even insignificant things about friends like funny comments Celena made that day and how she thought of them. I watch people passing on the highway and think of what they might be going to do and even what they’ve done. We will write a custom essay sample on the commute or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Either I pass them or they pass me but everyones different. Some scratch their noses while intently watching the road and some stare back. An old man and his wife going out to a late breakfast, atleast to them, or a middle aged man seeming stressed and rushed with two kids in back most likely going to daycare. However, I always end up reflecting upon what I’ve done. I try to come up with a list of good things I have done in my life and what impact I’ve made on others. Trying to stay positive I ignore the mistakes I’ve made. Too many times have I spent sitting alone and silent thinking about the things I could have done better or not done at all and let them bog down my mind and keep me from bettering myself. I’ve never had a dream of what I wanted to do or really of what I will do until now this senior year of high school. I’ve come up with a lot of answers but none really seem too impressive so I try harder and harder all the time. I try to excel during the day and once again reflect on the ride home. of what I did that day and if it brought me any closer to that impressive answer I’m looking for and still to this day I don’t have much to say that I feel would interest anyone besides myself or my family. However I think I’ve found a reason for that. I don’t think anyone really knows how to answer that question until their life is really over; Sort of in the sense that your life flashes in front of your eyes before you die but in a more realistic sense. I think that I can’t answer that question because I’ve only lived a fraction of my life and still have time to come up with an answer that fits my liking. I’m not sure if everyone thinks the same things I do and have pondered this as well but I think it’s meant to happen. Every once in a while you need to step back and look at what you have and sort of find the flaws and take time to make them better. I think about this e very day before school and it makes me try that much harder everyday to add to my final answer or speech about my life and what I’ve done. I know I still have a lot of time to excel and become the best I can through expanding my education through college, start a family, get my first career and so on. Even if I don’t know quite what I would like to do yet, I think attending a liberal arts school would give me the options and choices I need to really find what I like and can succeed in. The point is I can tell you who I am now, but there would be so much left out that has yet to happen. This is only the beginning to my life and I want to make the best out of it so every day. I take that forty minutes that I drive before and after school to look at myself and who I am and how I can make that ride a little bit more pleasant by adding more good everyday and put a smile on my face knowing I’m happy with myself and that not only I can live with that, but I can make it even better.

nato essays

nato essays A global war or an intercontinental nuclear exchange is highly unlikely in the current world political climate. But as long as considerable nuclear weapons and long range delivery systems exist in other countries and a developing threat resides with potential adversaries, the possibility of an aerospace attack on North America cannot be discounted. Furthermore, the proliferation of cruise and ballistic missiles, and weapons of mass destruction, has made the post-Cold War world more, rather than less, dangerous. New generations of these weapons may be in the hands of governments or organizations which could threaten the North American continent, or American and Canadian military personnel deployed around the world. Control of North America's airspace is challenged by those who violate the air sovereignty of Canada and the United States. In addition, weapons proliferation coupled with an increasingly unstable world, increases the importance of effective aerospace warning. The greatest benefit the Canadian and US governments derive from NORAD is their ability to share the resources and costs needed for aerospace security. It would be militarily impractical, as well as inefficient, for each nation to unilaterally perform NORAD's missions and functions. In Canada's case, although aerospace control would be possible, the mission of air defense in depth would be difficult due to the country's large land mass and relatively small defense force. Further, Canada depends entirely on US systems to provide warning of ballistic missile attack, both at home and at overseas locations where deployed Canadian military personnel could be threatened. Although other US military organizations could assume many of NORAD's tasks in aerospace warning, the increased costs and operational difficulties would be compounded by the loss of efficiency that is obtained through cross-border cooperation. In addition, the US benefits from the ability to receive earl...

Statistic & conclution Statistics Project Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Statistic & conclution - Statistics Project Example An explanation for this may be the quality of health care in these states, which in 2007 all ranked among the bottom in a nationwide survey of healthcare quality (Arnst). American Samoa, which has an average of 94.2 out of 100,000, nearly double of the American national average, supports this conclusion to the extent that it lacks much of the modern medical infrastructure belonging to the continental states. Another statistical point of interest with potential policy implications is the data related to suicide rates relative to states. Nationally, the average is 11.3 per 100,000 people; however, in Alaska, the rate is 22.1 (195%), in New Mexico, the rate is 20.4 (180%), in Wyoming, the rate is 19.7 (174%), and in Montana, the rate is 19.4 (171%). Not coincidentally, in 2010, those states ranked 50th (1.2 inhabitants per square mile), 45th (17.0), 49th (5.8) and 48th (6.8) respectively in population density (U.S. Census Bureau). The significance of that correlation is that smaller population density seems to be directly correlated with a higher than average suicide rate. Although all states generally and understandably active try to prevent suicide, these figures seem to suggest that suicide is a more prevalent threat to individuals living in relative isolation from one another in Western states. In contrast to some data in the literature that suggests suicide rates are paired with high rates of population density, such as in work put forward by Saunderson and Langford, it may be the case that low population density is positively correlated with suicide. Saunderson, Thomas R. and Ian H. Langford. "A study of the geographical distribution of suicide rates in England and Wales 1989-92 using empirical bayes estimates." Social Science & Medicine, 43 (1996):

Global Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Global Business Strategy - Essay Example The paper will highlight some of the key elements in the company's global approach such as international markets choices and entry, market segmentation, as well how the company has carved its way up to the challenging markets in the global construction materials industry. Global Business strategy is a critical component of the holistic approach of organizations attempting to enter global markets successfully. Business organizations have to create approaches, which will cater to all organizational factors such as marketing, human resources management, operations management, risk management and other critical aspects of an organization if they have to put together possible global strategies, which will be sufficient in overcoming challenges of entering global markets. Although there is ongoing debate on multinational corporations strategy over the approaches like standardization versus adaptation there is confluence of ideas and the recognition that multinationals have to put together possible business strategies that will be enough for the unstable and different surroundings in which global businesses operate. There are various factors that apply significant pressure on global businesses to formulate working short term and long term strategies plans t o the accomplishment of their objectives and goals. Upon the underlying fact that human needs are basically the same across countries and communities, sticking differences obtain in aspects cultural, economic, geographic, political etc. This means that global business management organs must be at the top of the game in ensuring that policy and strategy are appropriately put together to reach desired results Corporate strategy focuses on wide and far reaching goals and purposes of an organization. The strategy focuses on the accomplishments of set goals in line with expectations of the stakeholders. Other global business organizations influence on Business Unit strategy, which is a concept that boils down to the aspects of products and services or products being rendered. The other critical strategy component is the aspect of operational strategy, which can also be used in global business strategy to reach desired results in as far meeting organization goals in concerned. The success of Lafarge in the global landscape must have tapped in the advantages of some of these strategic concepts. Through the exploration of the growth and strategic thrust of Lafarge some of theses concepts can be identified. The case of Lafarge note that, the global cement industry is gradually transforming into an oligopoly through the creation of mergers and acquisitions, which ends in capacity concentration, and the control of the global landscape by a few transnational players. However, the global structure of the industry is still unstable with no single player with two digit market share. The major players lack the capacity to

An analysis of the culture of an organization Essay - 1

An analysis of the culture of an organization - Essay Example 2- introduction of Apple Inc: Apple Inc. is one of the America’s leading multinational organizations. This company is the leading manufacturer of electronic products as well as softwares. Its key products are Macintosh computers and Apple iPods and iPhones. The Apple Inc. company was established in California in April 1976 with the name â€Å"Apple Computers†. As the company expanded its product range to a variety of consumer electronic products, it dropped the word â€Å"Computers† from its name. Now this company is having more than 35000 employees worldwide. In 2008 Apple Inc. did business of more than US$32. 48 billion. Therefore, fortune magazine has regarded Apple as the most admired company of 2008-2009. Apple Inc.’s first ever product was an Apple 1, which was a handmade computer kit made by the co-founder of Apple, Steve Wozniak. It was not introduced publicly as it was not provided with a good graphical user interface. Steve Jobs, another co-found er, convinced Wozniak to introduce this product as a commercial computer. Therefore first ever computer named Apple 1 was sold in1976. After that it passed through a number of stages of modification and got the shape of today’s Apple Computers which is entirely different from Apple 1. After the launch of Apple1 this company got fame and earned a good business. In mid 1980s Apple faced some critical time because of the launch of Apple Lisa which was flopped badly. Also Mac1 and Newton does not earn a good business and resulted in lowering the shares of the company. In 1985, Steve Jobs left Apple Inc. because of having clashes with the CEO of the company. He joined the company again after 14 years when the company was about to bankrupt and was facing many challenges. He came with the intention to save the company. After his return he introduced new organizational culture. Although the company was following the corporate culture but Steve Jobs applied few modifications to that c ulture in order to save the company. The company was facing a critical time due to a number of reasons caused by bad organizational structure. 3-Schein’s Theoretical Model of Organizational Culture: Schein defined culture as an abstraction in which various forces that are generated as a result of some specific situations that are arising in the organization as a part of culture are much more powerful. If these forces are not interpreted initially then they badly affect the structure of the organization. He explained that the culture of an organization is adopted with the passage of time; it is not the matter of days. Therefore, it plays a very important role in the well being of its structure as well as working. Schein’s theory of organizational culture is defined as (Schein, 2004): â€Å"A pattern of shared basic assumptions that a group has learned as it solved its problems of external adaptation and internal integration, that has worked well enough to be considered valid and therefore, to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problems.† Schein basically developed a model of organizational culture defined in three levels(Hatch, 1993). Cultural Artifacts: This level is more concerned with the physical behavior

Analysis Of Blood Smears

Analysis Of Blood Smears The aims of this experiment are to study the morphology and characteristic of blood; distinguish the disproportion of blood when suffering from different diseases and identified the differences between animal and human blood. To achieve the aims, smears of horse blood are prepared and compare with human blood. Then the prepared human blood smears are observed under electron microscope. INTRODUCTION Blood performs a lot of important functions within the body; it contributes homeostasis to the body and playing major role in defence system by phagocytises activity. On an average male adult who weights 70kg has a blood volume of about 5 litres, about 1/12th of the body weight. Blood consists 55% of blood plasma 45% of hematocrit in men, 58% blood plasma and 42% of hematocrit in women. Hematocrit packed with erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets (Sherwood 2010). Erythrocytes are the most abundant blood cells with about 4-6 millions/mm3 in blood. Erythrocytes are commonly known as red blood cells. In mammalian, erythrocytes are free of nucleus to allow more room for haemoglobin and are biconcave in shape. Hence, vertebrates erythrocytes have a nucleus. Haemoglobin is the main contained in erythrocytes; it carries oxygen to the tissues, collects and transports the unwanted carbon dioxide away, conveys nutritive substances like amino acids, sugars and mineral then gathers the waste materials that want to eliminated through the renal filter, carries hormones, enzymes and also vitamins to their sites of action (Sherwood 2010). Leukocytes or white blood cells are much less abundant than red blood cells but bigger in size. They responsible for the defence of organism or eliminate harmful foreign material and make up the immune system of the body. The density of leukocytes in the blood is 5000-7000/mm3. There are two categories of leukocytes which are granulocytes and agranulocytes. Granulocytes is due to the presence of granules in cytoplasm and agranulocytes is the absent of granule in the cytoplasm. The granules are difference in different types of granulocytes and make it easier to distinguish among them. The granulocytes distinguish themselves as neutrophil, eosinophil and basophil. Agranulocytes distinguish themselves as lymphocytes and monocytes. Beside of the granules, shape of the nucleus help in recognition of leukocytes (Underwood 2004). The proportion of neutrophil amongst leukocytes is about 50-70%. Its main function is phagocytes bacteria and always present in large amount within the pus of wound. Unfortunately, these cells dead after phagocytes due to unable to renew the lysosomes that used in digesting microbes. Well, eosinophils only 2-4% amongst leukocytes, they attack parasites and phagocytes antigen-antibody complexes. Basophil is 0.5-1%, it secrete anti-coagulant and vasodilator substances as histamines and serotonin. It takes part in phagocyte activity but the main function is secreting substances that mediate the hypersensitivity reaction. Lymphocyte own 20-40% proportion of leukocytes, its little cell that compact with round nucleus. Lymphocytes populate the lymphoid tissues (Bajanowski 1997), lymphoid organs (thymus, spleen, lymphoid nodules, and palatine tonsils) as well as the lymph that circulate in the lymphatic vessel (Underwood 2004). Monocytes cooperate in immune defence although they are only 3-8% of leukocytes volume and its the precursors of macrophages (Sherwood 2010). They are large blood cells, which mature in the bone marrows before enter to the blood circulation and they only stay for 24-36 hours then will migrate into the connective tissue, where they become macrophages and move within the tissues. Monocytes migrate very rapidly to site if presence of an inflammation and intense phagocytory activity. Beside phagocytory activity, monocytes involve in secreting lysozime, interfereons and other defensive substances (Underwood 2004). Platelets or thrombocytes are fragments of cells in the blood with diameter about 2-3ÂÂ µm; hence they are much smaller than erythrocytes. Their density in the blood is only 200000-300000/mm3. They are responsible for blood clotting to prevent blood loss from broken vessels. The blood vessel constricts to reduce blood flow and loss. Platelets then aggregate at the point of the broken vessel and produce a plug to stop blood loss. To this purpose, they aggregate and release serotonin to reduce the diameter of lesion vessel and slow down the haematic flux to promote the blood coagulation (Sherwood 2010). Plasma is the most abundant liquid component of blood with a yellowish colour. It makes up approximately 55% of total blood volume. Plasma is alkaline and it functional to maintains the pH of the blood at approximately 7.4. It also maintains the osmotic balance of body cells. The composition of plasma is 90% water and 10% of dry matter like glucose, lipids, protein, glycoprotein, hormones, amino acids and vitamins (Sherwood 2010). The morphology and characteristics of blood will be study by preparing the horse blood smears samples that with and without stained. Blood smears stained by haematoxylin and eosin are easier to identify under microscope during this experiment. Blood smears of different pathologies will be investigated and identified by taking noted the numbers of cells present, shape and sizes of different types of cells and remark with drawing. METHODS First part of this experiment involved preparation of horse blood smear samples. A small drop of horse blood is placed at one end of a slide and placed a cover slip at the edge of the blood then dragged gently through the slide in order to produce a thin blood smears. The blood smear needs to be essentially thin until the blood is hardly visible; this is to ensure that individual cells were easily determined. If the smear appear red that mean it is not thin enough or too thick, this may be hard to observe through the microscope and do the cells count as packed cells is hard to see clearly under microscope. Second slides are prepared by using exactly the same way as the first one. Both slides placed immediately into a container containing ethanol for 2 minutes. Ethanol is a colourless substance and used as a fixative, it helps to preserve cell smear samples so that cells do not denature. It does not damage the cells at all, just helps to maintain them for analysis. After the use of ethanol, the slide then dried by just slanting it on a piece of tissue. Dap and rubs are not allowed, as it will destroy the thin film of smear. The unstained smear was considered ready for analysis. It was placed a side waiting for investigation progress. The second remaining slide then stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Haematoxylin is widely used in medical diagnosis; it is a blue substance stain that used to stained nuclei of cells into blue or purple colour. The nuclear staining is followed by other structures of the cells bodies with eosin stain that stain the granules of the cytoplasm in shades of red, pink and orange. Stained process performed by dipped the slide in a staining container containing haematoxylin for 2 minutes and rinse gently with water followed by dipped in another staining container containing eosin for 30 seconds and again rinse gently with water. A drop of mountant is applied on the smear and then covered with a glass coverslip. Mountant is a medium used for mounting a slid for microscopy purposes. The staining times varied slightly because the specimen was leave in the haematoxylin longer when the colour looks pale or pink and leave in the eosin for longer when it looks very dark blue. Both slides are completed and viewed under microscope. Unstained and stained smears were then observed under the microscope initiate by x10 magnification to find the cells and upgraded to higher definition of x40 magnification for details observation. Observation started with stained smears followed by unstained smears, as stained smears is easier to determine the cells. Both smears were drawn accordingly and labelled all the particular structures of interest. Commend are made upon on how the stained smear differs from unstained smear. In second part of the experiment, human blood smears are observed. Stained human blood smears taken from patients who suffer from no known pathology, sickle cell anaemia, eosinophilia, acute lymphocytic leukaemia and iron deficiency anaemia were observed. A textbook includes of brief description and expectation of what to see from the pathological blood smears are provided during the practical. In this session, each slide provided is observed under microscope. Always started with x10 magnification and moved to x40 magnification while drawing. First, normal human blood smear is observed in order to identified elements in normal blood, then go onto the pathology smears and compared found morphology that identified in horse blood in part A. The cellular elements of each smear were drawn, labelled and recorded any differences observed in pathological smears when compared to normal blood smears. The relative numbers of each cell type are counted. RESULTS: Part A: Horse blood smears Figure 1 illustrated stained horse blood smear under microscope of x40 magnification. The blood cells are stained with haematoxylin and eosin. One monocyte, one small lymphocyte, one neutrophil and bundle of erythrocytes (red blood cells) are seen. Nuclei of the leukocytes were purple-blue in colour due to the haematoxylin staining and the cytoplasm of the leukocytes appeared pink due to eosin staining. The erythrocytes are more abundant compared with leukocytes. Renown, erythrocytes are boconcave disc that absent of nuclei and mitochondria. Figure 2 shows the unstained horse blood smear. The blood cells appeared to be transparent and hard to determine the differences between the erythrocytes and most of the leukocytes except monocyte, as it is greater in size. Part B: Human blood smears Figure 3 shows the human blood smear with no known pathology. Erythrocytes, leukocytes (neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, basophil) and platelets are presented. The smear make out with more abundant of erythrocytes (R.B.C) than leukocytes and they all appeared healthy. The leukocytes were blue-purple in colour surrounded by numerous erythrocytes that were pinkish in colour. Most of the leukocytes seen are neutrophils; this proves the theory stated leukocytes making up with 50-70% of neutrophils. The neutrophils were intermediate in size, lymphocyte was smaller and monocyte was larger. Their cytoplasm appeared pink in colour. The nucleus of neutrophil lobed with clumps of chromatin. Figure 4 shows human blood smear with sickle cells anaemia. Abnormal red blood cell morphology and sickle cells are seen. Figure 5 shows human blood smear with eosinophilia deficiency. Abnormal or sickle red blood cells appeared. Eosinophil and monocytes are broken. Several of smudge cells presented. Figure 6 shows the blood smear for acute lymphocytic leukaemia. The erythrocytes are not as densely pack as in the smear of human blood with no pathology. This observation clearly illustrated the presented of several lymphocytes in the smear and it appeared larger than erythrocytes. Where acute lymphocytic leukaemia is a blood cancer where the body produces a large numbers of lymphocytes. Figure 7 shows the smear for human iron deficiency anaemia. The erythrocytes are pallor in appearance. Some of the erythrocytes were larger in size. Besides that, smudge cells and different types of leukocytes seen in this smear. There are lymphocytes that small in size and also neutrophils. DISCUSSION Many diseases, disorders, and deficiencies can distinguish by observation of blood cells distribution and appearances (Bain 2005). Disproportionate numbers of leukocytes, presence of immature leukocytes, too high or too low of platelets counts, and deformed of red blood cells are all signs of serious diseases. Somehow, blood smear provides the primary evidence of a specific diagnosis. Monocytes of horse blood smear in fig. 1 are greater in size compare with human blood smear in fig.3. The comprehensive kinetic force between erythrocytes of horse blood is stronger and produced closely attached long chain of erythrocytes. The erythrocytes in fig.1 and 3 appeared normal, uniformed in size and do not have a nucleus as most other cells do. They are round and flattened like a donut with a depression in the middle. Due high density of haemoglobin presented inside the erythrocytes (Sherwood 2010), they appear pink to red in colour with a pale centre. While there are some erythrocytes in fig. 4, 5, 6 and 7 had significant different in shape and irregularities that indicate severe problems. The histological section with stained are more visible and can be noted that the nuclei of the cells appeared purple-blue with stained of haematoxylin (Bain 2005); cytoplasm appeared pinkish with stained of eosin. Unstained leukocytes are colourless and hard to determine as they lack haemoglobin (Bain 2005). The stains enhanced the illustration of the leukocytes and make it easier to distinguish. Granulocytes and agranulocytes were differentiated by observed their cytoplasm. Granulocytes are neutrophil, eosinophil and basophil that has granule in their cytoplasm and its cytoplasm is visible when staining, while agranulocytes are lymphocytes and monocytes that absents of granule in their cytoplasm where their cytoplasm appeared transparent although stained. Neutrophils are cells that have cytoplasm with pink granules, intermediate in size with lobed clumped nucleus, can be identified by observing their nuclei; their nuclei are segmented into 2-5 lobed of different shapes. They composed majority of leukocytes and function to phagocytosis . Eosinophils will easily recognize with their large, red-orange granules. Unfortunately, they arent found from the smears because they are generally low in number. Eosinophils most often become elevated in number when the individual are facing with allergies or parasitic infections. Basophils (figure 1) had large black granules and least often seen from the smears as they are only 1% of leukocytes. Increased numbers of basophiles are not often encountered but may be elevated in certain leukaemia, chicken pox, ulcerative colitis, or after an immunization. Monocytes are the largest cell amongst leukocytes with diameter of 12-20 ÂÂ µm and are often referred as phagocytes. They engulf particles such as cellular debris and bacteria. LHYPERLINK javascript: optionsdisplay(../../../glossary/lymphocyte.html)ymphocytes are smaller and have a homogeneous cytoplasm and a smooth, round nucleus. These cells are responsible for the production of antibodies or immunoglobulin (Bajanowski 1997). There are two types of lymphocytes, B and T cells and they mediated within each other. B cells induce production of antibodies; T cells destroy specific cells (Bajanowski 1997). Figure 4 illustrated human sickle cell anaemia. Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) affects millions of people worldwide (Charlotte 2010). SCA is disorders of erythrocytes that caused difficulty to haemoglobin molecules when delivers oxygen to cells throughout the body (Peterson 2009). The change of the amino acid results in haemoglobin that responds to the oxygen deficiency by stacking filaments and clustering in red blood cells containing the mutated protein in such a way that their shape is distorted (Sherwood 2010). Eosinophil usually hardly noticeable in blood smears indicates the response of the body to abnormal cells, parasites, or substances that cause an allergic reaction. Donor of the blood smear illustrated in figure 5 may have eosinophilia disorder as broken eosinophil is presented. Eosinophilia is commonly happened to people who have asthma, hay fever, food allergic or parasitic infections such as intestinal worms (Sherwood 2010). In the acute lymphocytic leukemia sample shown in figure 6, there was a noticeable increase in the number of lymphocytes seen. The erythrocytes are pallor and lymphocytes appeared larger than erythrocytes and this is due to a disease of lymphoid cells causing uncontrolled production of lymphocytes (Underwood 2004). Acute lymphocytic leukaemia is a disease where the physical changes take place within the cell (McClain 1990), a reduced count of red blood cells with a raised level of leukocytes. This may leads to an accumulation of blast cells in the bone marrow and causes bone marrow failure (McClain 1990). All the red blood cells in the iron deficiency anaemia sample appeared pale in colour. This usually caused to people with poor diet that contains little iron especially vegetariansbecause the main dietary source of ion is red meat. Besides that, diseases of the small intestine such as gluten intolerance can reduce its ability to absorb iron (Sherwood 2010).

Psychology: Human Development :: Psychological Social Science Essays

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The field of psychology may have grown to be respected as a science. Objectivity and the scientific method are both part of the psychologist's mode of operation. However, even the greatest of psychologists can only theorize about what makes human beings act the way they do. Absolutes are not part of psychology . Everything is relative and open to speculation. Theorists give us their views or ideas about life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the field of psychology, there have been many different areas of interest. Human development is one of the most popular areas of interest for those who study psychology. Freud, Erikson and Piaget are all great theorists with different ideas concerning human development. Each theorist developed ideas and stages for human development. Their theories on human development had human beings passing through different stages. Each theory differed on what these stages were. These theories also differed with their respect towards paradigmatic assumptions, learning and development, and relationship towards educational practice.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Freud is known as the father of psychology. Although some of his work has been dismissed, most of it still holds weight in the world of psychology. Freud believed that human development was fueled by inner forces. He believed the most powerful of all inner forces was our sexual being. Freud linked everything with sex. This includes any bodily pleasure whatsoever. Thus, when Freud discusses the sexual needs of children, they are not the same kind of sexual needs that an adult would experience. Children experienced sexual gratification in different ways. Sucking their thumbs or retaining their excrement could be seen as sexual gratification for small children. Freud also specified certain areas of our body as erogenous zones. Those areas included the mouth and genitals. This all fit in to Freud's obsession with sex. An obsession that could be linked to the era that Freud lived in. It was a very conservative period in history. Sexual feelings were often repressed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Freud's theory on human development could be labeled the psychosexual stages of development. Freud believed human beings passed through different stages in their life based on which part of their body gave them sexual gratification. Freud's psychosexual stages of development are five in total.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Oral stage takes place from birth to about one year. During this stage, a child is orally oriented. The mouth is the child's erogenous zone. Everything a child touches is put in his mouth. Freud believes children do this because it gives them pleasure. When a child sucks his thumb, it does so because it gives it gives him gratification. According to Freud, the gratification is sexual.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The second stage in Freud's psychosexual development theory takes place

Propmore Corporation Case

11/30/2012 â€Å"Teamwork is the ability to work together toward a common vision. The ability to direct individual accomplishments toward organizational objectives. It is the fuel that allows common people to attain uncommon results. †Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Andrew Carnegie Healthcare team and professionalism Teamwork is a small group of people, who are contribute their complementary skills, interests, and opinions to the unity and efficiency of the group, in order to achieve common goals and mutual responsibilities.Teamwork is a collection of actions by individuals, who use their knowledge and skills to meet the needs of client/patient more completely, efficiently and competently than would be possible by one individual's action. Teamwork is not limited to working together, but it collectively means to achieve whatever is planned, by helping each other. Everyone involved must work together for a common goal – helping the patient/client. Effective healthcare requires teamwork.A health care system that supports effective teamwork can improve the quality of patient care, enhance patient safety, and reduce workload issues that cause burnout among healthcare professionals. Team work most effective E. It is essential to be professional if you want to be successful. But what does â€Å"being professional† actually mean? Merriam-Webster dictionary defines professionalism as â€Å"the conduct, aims or qualities that characterize or mark a profession or a professional person†, and it defines a profession as â€Å"a calling requiring specialized knowledge and often long and intensive preparation†.These definitions imply that that professionalism include a number of different attributes, which together define a professional. First and foremost professionals are known for their specialized knowledge. They have made a personal commitment to their profession and to developing, improving and keeping up to date with latest research in the area of practice. A nother quality of professionalism – caring, respect and concern for people and their values.Because a dietetic practice involves customer service, an understanding of individual differences is important for effective practice. Furthermore, professionals are must strictly follow to the ethical standards of professional practice. The Standards of Practice (SOP) and Standards of Professional Performance are guide and tools for dietetic professionals and provide them with a plan for evaluating, implementing and adjusting work performance in different areas of practice.

Argument and Collaboration Essay Example

Argument and Collaboration Essay Example Argument and Collaboration Essay Argument and Collaboration Essay In the library there are many â€Å"evidence and arguments that collaboration pays dividends. Library impact research demonstrates that collaboration is essential in maximizing the positive impact of library media programs on student achievement and school success. Unfortunately, both the organizational structure and the culture in most schools discourage collaborative efforts among faculty members. Conference participants wishing to promote increased collaboration in their schools may need to draw on a variety of material to use in crafting their arguments. (Hartzell, 2007 p 2) â€Å"This sampling of resources is divided into three sections: (1) resources specific to teacher-librarian cooperation and collaboration, (2) resources relating to some deliberately targeted collaboration opportunities, and (3) resources regarding the general nature of workplace collaboration, especially in the school setting. † (Hartzell, 2007 p 2) Teacher-Librarian Collaboration Teacher-librarian collaboration is at the heart of effective library media practice. Research results indicate that students develop higher quality information literacy skills when instruction on those skills is integrated with subject matter studies, and an argument can be made that the learning of the subject matter itself is similarly enhanced. (Hartzell,2007 p3) Deliberately Targeted Collaboration One area of school librarianship often neglected in discussion of library functions is how the librarian can assist in helping particular populations in the school, both directly and through working with other faculty members. Hartzell, 2007 p 4) Collaboration General Resources Collaboration is difficult to achieve in schools. The culture resists it and the organizational structure discourages it. These sources offer some insight into the challenges of fostering teacher collaboration with anyone. (Hartzell, 2007 p6) Here is some example of argument and collaboration between library, school and principals: â€Å"Principals, teachers and librarians don’t always se e each other clearly. Perspectives: Librarian sees library media center as center of school. Teacher sees classroom as center of school Principal sees school as constellation of interacting elements. † (Hartzell, 2007 p9) Professional preparation Librarian: Little administrative perspective irony, because librarians reach every program Administer facility and budget Facilitate instruction with and through others Teacher: One adult in one room with one group of students for one period of time Administrator: No significant library study outside of law. Negative potential: censorship, copyright violation. (Hartzell, 2007 p9) Little or no interaction in the broader field How many teachers and administrators read librarian publications and attend librarian conferences? How many librarians write for teacher and administrator publications and present at teacher and administrator conferences? Result: Many teachers and administrators don’t think of librarians as integral to school success or to their own personal professional success. Opportunity loss: Inaccurate librarian evaluation, teacher forms, teaching function, revert to stereotype, low return on librarian investment, staff reductions, staffing by non-professionals, budget cuts or elimination. Hartzell, 2007 p 11) Why Should Principals Support School Libraries? Principals should support school libraries because it is in both their students’ and their own best interests to do so. Quality library media programs can enhance students achievement, committed librarians can help principals enhance their own administrative practice. (Hartzell, 2007 p14) How Can Principals Support Libraries? E ducate themselves to library and librarian potential. Reconfigure the librarian’s job to maximize realization of that potential. Hire high-quality, forward-looking, energetic, innovative librarians. Provide budget resources adequate to new roles and demands. Effectively and accurately evaluate both the program and the librarian on jointly developed criteria recognizing library media work as simultaneously integral to instructional quality but distinct from classroom teaching itself. (Harezell, 2007 p15) In the conclusion I would like to say that argument and collaboration explain importance of the open dialogue between libraries, schools and principals for the achievement of the best results in educational process, and administration functioning.

How to Learn Algebra without Any Extra Attempts and Skills

How to Learn Algebra without Any Extra Attempts and Skills Algebra is a complex high school and college science which requires an in-depth knowledge of math as well as the basic operations (adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing). No matter what language you are using for it, it is hard. The article provides a lot of secrets applied to learn algebra without any difficulties. Basic Points in Algebra Understand and use the order of math operations with respect to the given acronym: PEMDAS Be aware of the negative numbers and know how to manage them. Remember the basic rule: the higher the figure, the further it is from zero. Make long problems easier by having them organized. Put down every new stage on a new line. Learn variables which cannot be defined as numbers (x, y, and z). Solve algebraic equations by excluding the numbers to obtain only the variables. Let’s go into some details. You may wonder what PEMDAS is in algebra. Well, it is a helpful instrument for memorizing the specific order of operations. You may find out how to use the order of operations by reading the  corresponding article. In brief, this order refers to: Exponents Multiplication Division Addition Subtraction If you wish to know why the order is so critical in algebra, you must realize that working with operations in the wrong order can influence the response from the negative aspect. For example, in case you deal with the issue like 7 + 3 x 4, if you decide to add 3 to 7 before the multiplication process, you’ll receive 40, which is the incorrect answer. By all mathematical rules, you should conduct multiplication before the addition. This way, you’ll obtain 19, which is a correct answer to the given problem. So, mind your order of operations! Studying Basic Algebra Principles Check the main math operations. Begin with arithmetic. To learn algebra well, a student has to master arithmetic as the basis. Such functions as adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing are learned from the elementary school, so you should not have problems with them. In fact, algebra is completely based on these operations, but it involves more complex formulas, equations, and work with other symbols different from numbers. If you don’t possess the mentioned skills, you still have time to study them on your own on the internet or with the help of the math books. In other words, everything must be studied step-by-step to obtain the necessary knowledge. If you simply hate working with numbers, you should understand there is no need to be a professional in the corresponding field to learn algebra on the basic level. In case you would like to work in the field of journalism or law, you may simply learn the basic equations instead of studying all those nasty algebraic formulas that are essential when you choose statistics or accounting. Also, students may buy prepared algebra solutions from the online academic writing services to both improve their skills and gain sufficient score. Keep in mind students are always allowed to bring their calculator with them. You may use various software solutions like Excel to solve big algebra problems faster and more accurately. The main thing is to learn how to work with different devices. That is what an average citizen needs. At the same time, students are not allowed to bring anything else except for their calculators and pens to their exam. Smartphone or laptop calculators won’t work as these devices are forbidden during the examination. Dedicate enough time to learning how to work with your calculator fast enough as far as every exam is limited by time. How to Use Negative Numbers? You might probably know that -/- gives + while -/+ still stands for them -. Those are the basics only. You will frequently meet negative figures in algebra, statistics, economics, accounting, and some other disciplines which require a knowledge of math. It would be better to have a look at the basic operations like adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing before moving to the same operations with the negatives. We will mention some of the major principles used in algebra in order to proceed with the negative numbers. Remember: a negative analogy of a number is the same distance from 0 as the positive analogy is but in the opposite direction. Apply number line to take it easy. A number line makes it easy to define which numbers are greater or lesser. The principles of using it may be explored on the math dedicated website. If you try to add 2 negatives together, the number turns even more negative. The digits will become higher, but the meaning will remain with the sign -. Thus, it will be lower in any case. Subtracting a negative number means the same as adding a positive number. Multiplying or dividing negatives always leads to a positive answer. Multiplying or dividing a positive and a negative brings us to a negative figure. Algebra Problems Have Their Own Structure Just like an essay or research paper, an algebra problem and its solution have their structures. You should now simply provide the answer, but to describe the process as well as interpret the received results. You have to remember how to organize lengthy problems. Difficult problems with many possible solutions may take plenty of your time. To avoid mistakes, it is critical to organize the process by beginning with the new number line each time it is possible to take a new step toward a solution. When you work on a two-sided equation, it is recommended to put down each symbol of equality underneath each other. That is a great approach to avoiding mistakes or fixing them later. E.g. to cope with the equation 10/5 – 1 + 4 x 3, we may structure the entire solution this way: 10/5 – 1 + 4 x 3 10/5 – 1 + 12 2 – 1 + 12 1 + 12 13 Any algebra problem can be resolved in such a way. A step-by-step method is always effective, so don’t forget about it when learning algebra. Knowing What Variables Are and How to Work with Them Algebra plays a great role in passing SAT. It is one of the required sections, so it is better to learn the discussed subject before taking the test. You may find out about SAT scores more. The test results might help on your way to entering college. Anyway, working with variables is one of the conditions. SAT involves tasks associated with these figures. As we have discussed above, in algebra, students first meet letters and other symbols in addition to the good old numbers. These figures are usually used to interpret unknown numbers which have to be found with the help of correct formula and solution. These things are also known as variables. Their values are unknown, and sometimes it is pretty hard to discover them. In some cases, you won’t even have to get corresponding numbers. There can be too many unknowns to find specific answers, so students should only show the way to solve the problem. Here are several ordinary examples of variables in algebra: Letters (a, b, c, x, y, and z) Greek letters like theta or beta Please keep in mind not  all  symbols are unknown variables. E.g. pi, or Ï€, is always equal to approximately 3.14159. Anyway, you should think about these variables as â€Å"unknown† numbers to make it easy. Most of the time, the purpose is to reveal the hidden number. The sample of the problem to explore is shown below. 5x + 5 = 15, x is our variable respectively. It means that a certain value corresponds to the given letter. It should make the left side of the equation equal to 15. Because 5 x 2 + 5 = 15, the correct response is x = 2. An easy method to master variables is to remove them with the question marks. For instance, a student may want to turn the equation 1 + 4 + x = 12 as 1 + 4 +? = 12. The answer is 7, of course. But what should you do in case the variable pops up more than one time? It is still possible to solve an algebraic problem of the type. Learn to treat variables as ordinary numbers. You can apply any arithmetical operation to the variables that are alike. To make it easy, x + x = 3x, but x + y has another value (let’s say, 3xy). To help you understand, there is an equation 1x + 3x = 8. You can add 1x and 3x together to obtain 4x = 8. Since 4 x 2 = 8, you discover that x = 2. It works with the same variables only! How Does the â€Å"Cancelling† Principle Work? Make an attempt to obtain the variable by itself. Algebra equations have either numbers, variable, or both on two sides. If you must solve x + 4 = 8 x 3, learn to place and analyze the variable all alone. To do so, it is important to delete â€Å"+ 4† value. Subtract 4 from the first side. You’ll stay with x = 8 x 3. Still, to get both sides equal, you will have to subtract 4 from the second side. Thus, you’ll get x = 8 x 3 – 4. By sticking to the generally accepted order of algebraic operations, a student should multiply before subtracting. The answer is x = 24 – 4 = 20. It’s just this easy! You may want to find out how to cancel addition with subtraction. Obtaining the unknown value by itself on the first side refers to replacing the numbers next to it on the other side of the equation. It looks like the opposite operation. On the whole, addition and subtraction are opposites as you could notice from the example below. It is one of the basic rules you should memorize when learning algebra. The same principle works with multiplication and division. Thus, it becomes simpler to learn algebra even without any free help. Lessons to Strengthen Your Skills If you need some more lessons to develop deeper skills in algebra, use various visual elements to better remember the information. You can apply images to illustrate anything from formula to equation. Instead of the pictures, some teachers use a group of physical objects during their lessons to develop student’s knowledge and understanding. These might be blocks and coins. What about "common sense checks"? It is another great way to learn algebra lessons deeper. Every time you convert a problem written in words into algebraic shape, check the formula by plugging in simple values. Now think whether your equation is meaningful when x equals to zero, 1, and -1? The answers are not all the time the integers. Algebraic problems do not always require solutions with round and simple figures. These figures can be expressed through decimals, fractions, and irrational numbers. That is why each student really needs to bring a calculator to each lesson. However, the tutor may ask to give the final answer in the exact form. If you’re already doing great in algebra, check out whether you can deal with factoring. One of the most complicated math skills is factoring. Most of the students who are keen on algebra learn this section sooner or later. It is used to obtain a shortcut in order to get lengthy equations into easy forms. It is considered a semi-advanced algebra section, so you definitely need some help when moving to such chapter. Solving real-life issues where algebra skills are required is one of the best ways to practice all the time. To learn algebra is not enough – a student has to apply the gained skills. Otherwise, this person may forget even the basics. You can train when dealing with your finances. You can practice by obtaining a part-time or seasonal job where the math skills are essential. You may start learning new related disciplines like statistics, accounting, economics, geometry, finances, etc. In fact, even computer science demands a solid knowledge of math. As a rule, engineering and construction students have to face various algebra problems regularly. Finally, you can order free or paid online help in the shape of algebra problem solutions samples or papers written from scratch after turning to the online experts in the field of academic writing!