Build Your Author Website in Four Simple Steps

Build Your Author Website in Four Simple Steps If you are an author, building your website will not only help you reach wider audiences- its also a great resource to promote your work and build your online presence. While social media might reach audiences easier than an author website, its also a third-party service that doesnt give you total creative control over how you are presented. Your website, however, can be something that you have complete creative control over and build over time exactly the way you want it.Step 1: Buy a domain nameThe URL or web address of your site is also known as its domain name. For example, StephenKing.com is Stephen Kings personal author website, and most writers choose their first and last name as their URL. However, [yourname].com might not be available, so be sure to consider .org and .net, as well. Another thing you can do is add author to the end of your name on the URL (for example, stephenkingauthor.com) or books (stephenkingbooks.com).There are several services available online to help y ou find and purchase a domain name. Google is one and most top-level domain names (.com) are $12 annually going this route. GoDaddy is another popular domain name purchasing site, and advertises domains as low as .99 cents annually.Keep in mind, however, that if you plan to choose managed hosting, which well cover below, many of the hosting plans offer a free domain name with purchase of premium hosting services. This means step one and step two would be combined in your purchase of hosting services, so dont buy the domain name separately.Step 2: Select a hostYour sites host will be the servers that contain your website, and can vary from free hosting, fee-based self-hosting, and managed or premium hosting. Most authors- particularly those who have never built a website before- will want to go with the managed or premium hosting option because these types of services offer full customization, site data backup, and technical support.If youre just starting out as an author and dont ha ve a lot of money to spend on building and maintaining an author website, it might be a good idea to start with free hosting. Sites like Wix and WordPress are great places to start, although if you want the freedom to move your content to a paid service, be careful that you choose a host that will allow you to do this. Below, we look at some of the most popular options used by authors for their author website and what you can expect from each.WordPressOne reason WordPress is so popular is that it is a free, open-source content management system that is used for approximately 20% of websites that are online. Its free option includes a WordPress.com subdomain, community support, multiple free themes with basic design customization, and 3GB of storage space, although there will be WordPress.com ads on your page. For just $4 per month (billed annually), youll get a custom domain name, email and live chat support, several free themes to choose from with basic design customization, 6GB of storage space, and all WordPress.com ads will be removed from your site. Their $8 per month (billed annually) package tends to be the most popular choice for authors, and includes a custom domain name, email and live chat support, Unlimited Premium Themes, Advanced Design Customization, 13GB Storage Space, options to monetize your site and all WordPress.com ads will be removed.SquarespaceSquarespace is another highly popular hosting and website building site thats easy to use and offers a built-in selling platform. For $18 per month (billed annually) or $26 per month (billed month to month), you can have a fully customizable website with unlimited pages, galleries and blogs. This price also includes unlimited bandwidth usage and storage, so is perfect for an author who already has a sizeable following and is ready to integrate e-commerce (for example, books sales) into their website. Squarespace boasts mobile optimization for all websites, which means that visitors will see a profe ssional, well-designed website, even if they are looking at it on their mobile phones or other portable devices. The site also offers a free custom domain name with any purchase of a hosting package and 24/7 customer support.WixWix provides an extremely easy-to-use website-building interface that creates gorgeous websites, although the heavy use of flash might make optimizing your website for SEO a bit trickier. For $17.50 per month ($14 per month if you pay annually), Wix offers hosting, unlimited bandwidth, 10 GB of storage, a free domain, and $300 worth of Ad vouchers to promote your site. There are cheaper and more expensive plans offered on the site, as well, depending on what you need and whether youre willing to have Wix ads show on your website. They also offer mobile optimization for when visitors view your website on a mobile device and a logo maker which can come in handy if you are starting fresh and need to build your author brand identity from scratch.Step 3: Design yo ur siteIf youve chosen one of the managed hosting sites listed above, there are templates available where youll simply replace the photos and text with your custom content. These templates are great ways to get a site up and running quickly without spending a lot of time learning the ins and outs of website development and HTML coding. However, in the process of designing your website, keep in mind these website design best practices:Keep it clean (from a design perspective)Cluttered, overly wordy websites are not only annoying to be on and look at- theyre highly ineffective. Dont just take our word for it, either, because there is data showing that most users spend 10-20 seconds on a web page they visit. They will stay for up to a minute if they feel there is a clear value proposition being offered in what theyre reading/seeing on the site. But put simply: few people are going to read a lot of cluttered copy or sift through a bunch of images on your website, so just dont do it. Kee p the design clean, let there be white space, and avoid too many words (just leave those for your creative writing efforts).Keep it simpleWeve all been to websites that are difficult to navigate. Your author website should include a page that has your bio, a link to your blog (if you have one), your social media account links, and a way to contact you for press inquiries or representation. If you are planning to use your website for e-commerce, your pages navigation might be slightly more complicated, but ultimately- the simpler it is to navigate, the more people will want to be on it.This same rule of simplicity applies to your website copy, as well. Since your visitors will initially scan a page for headings, use them often and wisely by choosing important keywords and/or hooks as headings for your text. Along with having multiple headings to break up long sections of text, keep in mind the following best practices for simple copy:Use short sentences and short paragraphs – This doesnt mean your sentences should all be five words or less, because then your copy will be monotonous and repetitive. This just means that you should have more short sentences than long sentences and your paragraphs shouldnt regularly be more than five sentences in length.Dont be wordy – Remember the data above about how long your websites audience is likely to stay around? It should be a consideration for writing copy, as well. If you have 10-20 seconds to get someones attention, long paragraphs are a bad idea. Your audience will likely skim the headings (which is why you should have them) and decide from that if the page is worth reading more in-depth.Dont use language your audience wont get – The word choice, voice and tone of your website copy should reflect your writing. If it sounds like someone else wrote the copy, your website wont have the same appeal.Keep it credibleThe easiest way to lose credibility as an author is to project an unprofessional, lazy i mage. With websites offering freelance editing services- and even free proofreading programs available online- there is no excuse to have any of the following on your website:Spelling/grammar errorsFalse factsInflated credentialsStep 4: Keep it updatedEstablishing a reputation as an author is a long and complicated process. Its not something that will happen overnight and a website needs to be updated and tweaked to stay relevant and professional. Your website is a significant marketing opportunity for you to sell your work and attract a larger audience, so put some time into creating it, updating it, and getting the word out about it (through social media, guest blog pieces, etc.). This is especially true if you are a self-published author and it could make a significant difference in the success of your book(s).

Growth and Development of SMEs in Indian Textile Industry Essay

Growth and Development of SMEs in Indian Textile Industry - Essay Example In order to understand further the framework and theoretical part of the study, this study will try to find other related information from books and academic journals. The topics will include managing acquisition, doing mergers, Indian culture, MSEs and other related topics. Methodology The data will be both quantitative and qualitative. The variable that will be of primary importance is the financial performance of small family owned textile businesses. This variable will be used to as the basis of information about the growth and development of small family owned textile business. This will be analyzed using inferential statistics by comparison of means to be generated by SPSS. Quantitative data that will be obtained from the respondents will be those that are related to financial performance. Qualitative data that will be obtained are those other information related to answering the research questions. Information will be gathered through personal interview. Questionnaire will also be used as a way to gather important information from the respondents. The chosen respondents are owners of small family owned textile business in the city of Surat (Guijarat), the textile hub of India. About ten percent of these businesses will be randomly chosen by the proponent. Random sampling will prevent bias and impartiality of information. Action Plan: The action plan of this study is presented in the Ghant Chart below. This is to ensure that the study will be implemented on a step by step process.

Sport in the American City Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Sport in the American City - Essay Example Cities usually accommodate many people from different background and working in different careers. In the city there is a mixture of different cultures and in the modern cities there appear to be an upcoming new city culture different from the culture of the people in the rural areas. The life in the cities is very different and unique in its own way from the life in the rural areas. One of the challenges facing the modern cities is poor planning which is often couple with less space for expansion and development of facilities for sports and other amenities. The lifestyle in the city is one which encourages a sedentary life. (Melvin, 1986) According to Mueller et al (2007), it has become a concern to many people that in the modern cities, although there is an improved health care and sanitary service, the mortality rate is still higher than expected and it has been concluded that all is not well with the city life. Many people in the rural areas, although having poor access to social basic needs like health care services, are living longer life than many people in the cities. This brings us to a great argument that have been debated the world over, concerning the city life and the future life in our cities. This illustrates that improved medical care and quality lifestyle is not the key to longer life span. It shows that there are other factors that are necessary for and individual to live longer. There are many factors like physical activity, diet, positive thinking and many others that raise the life expectation of individuals. The parameters used to gauge life expectation like improve access to basic health and oth ers have bee defied by occurrences in the in many instances. One of the factors playing a big role in the life of an individual is the kind of life one adopts. One can either lead an active or a sedentary life. We have said that city life encourages sedentary life. The normal city life starts in the morning with a heavy breakfast and then a drive to the place of work. Many workers in the city are white collar job workers and hence they sit all day long with little expenditure of energy. At the end of the working hour, the usual routine is a few beers with friends and then a drive home to the family. This pattern illustrates an inactive life that many city residents undertake. An inactive life has many disadvantages and many dangers to the individual in his present and future life. It has been observed that, residents of cities like Hong Kong and other cities in Japan and China who are very much active and shuns sedentary life have a long life span compared to residents of the American cities. There have been reports that the health care cost of most companies in America cities have been on the rise at an alarming rate. It has been reported that the health care spending on employees for the America companies' rose by 6.1% in 2007 and the cost is expected to rise further in 2008. This has been contributed by inactive life by the inhabitants of the American cites. A recent survey shows that an average medical cost for an active adult per month has been averaging $302 as compared to $228 for adult with an active life style. The monthly payment for medication amounted to $45 for inactive adults compared to $27 for active adults. On health care insurance, monthly spending for inactive adult amounted to $401 as compared to $342 to active adults. The above aggregate shows that the

My first day of College Essay Example for Free

My first day of College Essay a) This course is a study of elementary algebra, which will include the set of real numbers, linear sentences, linear functions and their graphs, and operations and factoring with polynomials. b) MATH 0989 is a first semester developmental course which will prepare the student for MATH 1111 and its co-requisite course MATH 0999. c) To do well in the course, one must practice many problems outside of class, ask questions in class until there is a complete understanding of each concept, and prepare for tests by reviewing problems worked in class. d) A notebook needs to maintained and brought to class each day. All of the MyMathLab assignments need to labeled with the section and work placed in your notebook. 2. COURSE OBJECTIVES a) General education objective: Students will demonstrate a basic knowledge of the fundamentals of college level mathematics. b) Learning Support Math Program Goal: Mathematics students will be provided the knowledge and skills needed for successful college level work. c) Outcomes: Successful MATH0 099 students will demonstrate an understanding of solving linear equations and inequalities, operating and factoring with polynomials, and graphing linear equations. 3. ADDITIONAL RESOURCES a) Free tutoring available in the Student Success Center b) Study groups with fellow classmates c) Individual help during instructor’s office hours 4. OFFICE PROCEDURES FOR EXTRA HELP a) Bring lesson notes. b) Make sure the lesson has been read and the examples studied. c) Be prepared to show at least two problems that have been attempted. d) Bring incomplete or incorrect work for each problem. e) Ask for help as early as possible. Do not wait until the day of the test. 5. ATTENDANCE a) Attendance is very important. All students are expected and urged to attend all classes. Each absence makes it more difficult to acquire knowledge and increase learning. You will be contacted, if lack of attendance is becoming a problem. b) Students are responsible for every assignment and all material covered in class, whether present or absent. c) Obtain the name and phone number of a reliable classmate to contact, if there is an unavoidable absence. d) Tardiness to class is not allowed after the first week of classes. When the door is closed, no one is to enter. If you know you are going to be late due to a doctor’s appointment or such, please email me ahead of time. 6. CLASSROOM ETIQUETTE a) Treat the instructor and other students with respect. b) Talk to other students only during group activities. c) Leave the classroom during class time only after having spoken to the instructor. d) Cell phones must be silenced and out of sight during class time. 7. CALCULATOR a) Only scientific calculators may be used. b) Scientific calculators which will allow simplification of radical expressions may not be used. c) Phone calculators may not be used. d) Texas Instruments â€Å"TI-30XIIS† is recommended. 8. METHOD OF EVALUATION a) Unit Tests and Quizzes – 70%. There will be four unit tests. b) MyMathLab – 15%. c) Final Exam (Comprehensive) – 15%. 9. GRADES Average below 70, good attendance, effort, and some progress, and first semester in Learning Support Math F% Average below 70, poor attendance, lack of effort, or no progress WF% Withdrawn after midterm or stopped attending after midterm without officially withdrawing from the class W% Withdrawn before midterm 10. Learning Support Standards of Progress In addition to the Academic Standards of Progress (See the on-line Gordon State College Academic Catalog.) and in accordance with policies of the University System of Georgia, students enrolled in one or more Learning Support courses (See Learning Support Program in the on-line catalog for more information.) must comply with progression requirements of the Learning Support program.Learning Support students who need intensive remediation will begin with one of the 3- credit Foundations Learning Support courses (ENGL 0099, MATH 0097, or MATH 0099). Upon completion of Foundations courses(s) students will be required to register for the co-requisite academic support lab and gateway course to complete Learning Support requirements. A maximum of three attempts is allowed to complete both the Foundations course and the co-requisite pair. Students who fail two attempts at any of the 3-credit Foundations Learning Support courses will be placed on Learning Support Suspension. Students who only require support in their degree-credit gateway course will begin in one of the co-requisite pairs (ENGL 0098 / ENGL 1101, MATH 0097 / MATH 1001, or MATH 0099 / MATH  1111). Students who begin in a co-requisite pair are allowed a maximum of two attempts to complete the Learning Support Requirement. Failing to exit from Learning Support after a second attempt will result in Learning Support Suspension. The student may be considered for readmission before the end of one year of the suspension, if the student can provide evidence that he/she has taken measures to improve his or her skills. Time spent in Learning Support Course work in a disciplinary area shall be cumulative within the University System of Georgia. A transfer Learning Support student may be granted an additional semester if that student was making appropriate progress at the sending institution and is ready for the exit level course at the receiving institution and has not exceeded the allowed number of attempts. Students who have accumulated 30 semester hours or more of college level credit will be allowed to take only the required Learning Support classes. No other classes may be taken. 11 . ADDITIONAL INFORMATION a) Should students find it necessary at any time to see their instructor or the Coordinator of the Learning Support Program for clarification of any course related or departmental policy, to discuss their progress, or to request additional help, they should feel free to ask for an appointment. b) Any student who is certified as disabled or who qualifies for special accommodations must provide appropriate evidence of such certification immediately. Any student who intends to request special accommodations for this course because of a learning disability of any kind must immediately declare his or her intention to the college ADA officer Student Center Room 212 678-359-5585. Foundations for College Algebra – MATH 0989

Against The War Essay -- Argumenative Persuasive Papers

Against The War I began exercising my rights as an American citizen in earnest when I was 12 years old. During lunchtime at school, a few kids in my class placed thumbtacks on my teacher’s chair (an old trick). She was understandably very upset when she sat on them. Not having DNA and fingerprint testing at her disposal, Ms. Hana issued the ultimatum that unless those who had committed the act came forward, she would be forced to punish the whole class. We had until the end of the day to produce the guilty persons. The next day Ms. Hana came in and said that we would all be facing detention that day since she had not managed to find out whodunit. I raised my hand and respectfully said that I was sure I was voicing the opinion of many in saying that those who had no part in the act felt the group penalty was unfair. Ms. Hana said that perhaps next time those who were guilty would think again about getting their friends in trouble. I was unsatisfied with her answer and at the end of the day pac ked my book bag and proceeded to walk out of the classroom as usual. â€Å"Where do you think you’re going, young lady?† â€Å"I’m leaving. School is over. I refuse to be held accountable for something I didn’t do,† I replied. My dissatisfaction was duly noted, and I was unceremoniously shepherded back into the classroom and given an even more intensified punishment for daring to argue. I was put in the corner and told to put my hands over my head. As I stood in the corner, humiliated yet defiant, my classmates gave me looks that said, â€Å"Why did you speak up? Why couldn’t you just accept it? Detention is no big deal.† Similarly, the Afghani people must now stand and collectively raise their hands above their heads. The difference is th... ...housand miles away, where the sounds of bombs falling cannot be heard and the screams of dying people can be ignored, perhaps we can justify this outrageous war. Many people will do so in an attempt to sleep at night. Others, like me, will go to bed with a little less hope in our hearts and a little more sadness. We are now being fed a diatribe of righteous indignation and are told that war is our only option in the fight against terrorism. Not only is it the only option, it is the only patriotic option. Whoever speaks out in opposition is labeled a traitor and put in the â€Å"them† category. So be it. I hereby, officially, register my opposition to the war effort against the people of Afghanistan. I register my opposition to a bombing campaign that will â€Å"regrettably† result in civilian casualties. I do not want my tax money to kill a child. Is that so much to ask?

Case Study 2

Case Study 2 Springfield Express is a luxury passenger carrier in Texas. All seats are first class, and the following data are available: Number of seats per passenger train car 90 Average load factor (percentage of seats filled) 70% Average full passenger fare $ 160 Average variable cost per passenger $ 70 Fixed operating cost per month $3,150,000 Formula : Revenue = Units Sold * Unit priceContribution Margin = Revenue – All Variable Cost Contribution Margin Ratio = Contribution Margin/Selling Price Break Even Points in Units = (Total Fixed Costs + Target Profit )/Contribution Margin Break Even Points in Sales = (Total Fixed Costs + Target Profit )/Contribution Margin Ratio Margin of Safety = Revenue – Break Even Points in Sales Degree of Operating Leverage = Contribution Margin/Net Income Net Income = Revenue – Total Variable Cost – Total Fixed Cost Unit Product Cost using Absorption Cost = (Total Variable Cost + Total Fixed Cost)/# of units a. Contribu tion margin per passenger =$160 – $70 = $90Contribution margin ratio =$90/$160=56. 25% Break-even point in passengers = Fixed costs/Contribution Margin = $ 3,150,000/$90 Passengers =35,000 Break-even point in dollars = Fixed Costs/Contribution Margin Ratio = $ 3,150,000/56. 25% $ 5,600,000 b. Compute # of seats per train car (remember load factor? )= 90 * 70% = 63 Seats filled Compute # of train cars (rounded) = 35,000/63 = 556 train cars filled c. Contribution margin = $190 – $70 = $120 Break-even point in passengers = fixed costs/ contribution margin =$ 3,150,000/$120 Passengers = 26,250 BE = 90 seats *60% = 54Train cars (rounded) = 26,250/54 = 486 d. Contribution margin = $190 – $90 = $70 Break-even point in passengers = Fixed costs/Contribution Margin = $ 3,150,000/$70 Passengers =45,000 BE = 90 seats *70% = 63 Train cars (rounded) = 45,000/63 = 714 e. Contribution margin = $205 – $85 = $120 (P = Passengers) Sales205*P Variable Exp. 085*P Contribution M. 120*P Fixed Exp. 3,600,000 PretaxX Tax Exp. :X*30% Net Income Op. 750,000 750,000 = X – 0. 3X (X (1 – 0. 3) => 750,000/(1-0. 3) = X X=$ 1,071,428. 57 (Pre-Tax) $ 1,071,429= 120P – $ 3,600,000 => $ 1,071,429 + $ 3,600,000= 120P => 4,671,429/120= P P =38,928 f. Contribution margin = $120 – $70 = $50 # of discounted seats = 90*70%; 90*80% ( Difference is 10%; 90*10% = 9 Seats Contribution margin for discounted fares X #discounted seats = $50 * 9 Seats = $450 50 Train *$ 450 train cars per day * 30 days per month= $675,000 $ 675,000 (-) $ 180,000 additional fixed costs = $495,000 pretax income. g. 1. Compute Contribution margin Route 1 Route2 Overall Mix Sales160*P175*P335 *p Variable Exp. 070*P070*P140 *p Contribution M. 090*P105*P195 *P Route 1 Contribution Margin Ratio =$90/$160=56. 5% Route 2 Contribution Margin Ratio =$105/$175=60% Overall Contribution Margin Ratio =$195/$335=58. 20% Answer: Yes, it should, because the CMR is greater with the two rou tes. 2. BE = 90 * 60% = 54 Seats filled Contribution margin = $175 – $70 = $105 (P = Passengers) Sales175*P (54 Seats) Variable Exp. 070*P Contribution M. 105*P Fixed Exp. 3,150,000+250,000=3,400,000 Pretax120,000 120,000 = (105P*(54 Seats)) – 3,400,000 => 3,520,000 = 5,670P => 3,520,000/5,670 = P P=621 621/54 =12 train cars 3. Contribution margin = $175 – $70 = $105 BE = 90 seats *75% = 68Contribution margin = $175 – $70 = $105 (P = Passengers) Sales175*P (68 Seats) Variable Exp. 070*P Contribution M. 105*P Fixed Exp. 3,150,000+250,000=3,400,000 Pretax120,000 120,000 = (105P*(68 Seats)) – 3,400,000 => 3,520,000 = 7,140P => 3,520,000/7,140= P P=493 493/68 = 7 train cars 4. Springfield should consider Qualitative factors such as: (1) effect on employee morale, schedules and other internal elements; (2) relationships with and commitments to older and new suppliers; (3) effect on present and future customers; and (4) long-term future effect on profita bility and new businesses. Case Study 2 Chapter 2 Case Study Summary 1: 21-year old woman that has had type 1 diabetes for the past 8 years, was brought to the hospital in a coma. She was prescribed to take 92 units of insulin a day to maintain her sugar levels within normal limits and prevent excess sugar in her urine. Upon admission she was hypontensive, tachycardic and hyperventilating.Her labs show she is acidonic, arterial blood carbon dioxide levels were low, blood oxygen tension is normal, bicarbonate levels are really low indicating metabolic acidosis, low sodium levels, slightly high level of potassium, Chloride level is on the low end of normal, very high levels of blood urea and nitrogen, total carbon dioxide levels are really low, extremely high sugar levels and high creatinine levels. She tested positive for ketones. She recieved 8 units of regular insulin through an IV and 8 units per hour by IV infusion pump.Her blood sugar levels began to drop at about 100 mg/dL each hour. After seven hours her breathing an d pH went back to normal, following an injection of intravenous sodium bicarbonate to raise her pH and vigorous IV fluids and electrolyte replacement. 1. It seems her type 1 diabetes is uncontrolled. As her body could not use the sugar and there is not enough insulin, fat was used for fuel instead. During fat breakdown, byproducts called ketones are developed. Ketone bodies are acidic and dangerous when it build up in the body causing all her symptoms upon admission. . Yes, her pH levels became normal. Meaning her bicarbonate levels increased to compensate for the increased hydrogen proton levels in her blood. 3. When the body uses fat for energy instead of sugar, the body creates a byproduct called ketones. Since this is a byproduct, it flows through the renal system waiting to be expelled from the body. Normally, the existence of ketone bodies are detected through a urine sample. 4. The potassium results were high which can indicate some problem with her kidneys. 5.The low sodium results are based on the fact that sodiums job in the body is to keep proper acid-base equilibrium (homeostasis). Sodium has alkaline properties so if the levels are low the acid levels will be higher. 6. Diabetes can affect normal control of BP and can cause damage to the nerves supplying the blood vessels. When the blood pressure lowers the glomerular filtration rate decreases. 7. Anion gap measures of anions in the arterial blood. Anion gap equals chloride plus bicarbonate minus sodium Na-(Cl + HCO3-).The patient has a anion gap of 30. Normal levels are 7 to 16. 8. Osmolality measures the concentration of all chemical particles found in the fluid part of blood. Normal values range from 275 to 295. The patient has a osmolality of 351. 1 Summary 2: 14 year old boy that was never vaccinated against poliomyelitis got the disease late summer. He was hospitalized and needed a respirator during the severity of the illness. Once he began to recover, they took him off the respirator with no apparent effects. Days later a blood analysis revealed the following. H level is slightly acidic, carbon dioxide levels are high and indicate some respiratory acidosis, blood oxygen level is low, bicarbonate level is high, sodium levels are normal, potassium is normal, chloride level is slightly low, and total carbon dioxide levels are high. 1. It seems the patient has respiratory acidosis. Production of carbon dioxide occurs fast and the failure of proper ventilated increases the CO2 in the blood. 2. Buffers are normal compensatory mechanisms to respond to the acidosis. 3.Yes, the HCO3 (bicarbonate) test is elevated and bicarbonate is a buffer. 4. Acute respiratory acidosis is when a abrupt failure of ventilation occurs. Chronic respiratory acidosis may be secondary to many disorders. 5. Total CO2 measures the serum bicarbonate and available forms of carbon dioxide. Bicarbonate takes up about 95% of the total. They take the bicarbonate measurements by the sample of the venous bl ood and arterial blood gas analysis. 6. Chloride levels are slightly lower due to respiratory muscle weakness. Case Study 2 Chapter 2 Case Study Summary 1: 21-year old woman that has had type 1 diabetes for the past 8 years, was brought to the hospital in a coma. She was prescribed to take 92 units of insulin a day to maintain her sugar levels within normal limits and prevent excess sugar in her urine. Upon admission she was hypontensive, tachycardic and hyperventilating.Her labs show she is acidonic, arterial blood carbon dioxide levels were low, blood oxygen tension is normal, bicarbonate levels are really low indicating metabolic acidosis, low sodium levels, slightly high level of potassium, Chloride level is on the low end of normal, very high levels of blood urea and nitrogen, total carbon dioxide levels are really low, extremely high sugar levels and high creatinine levels. She tested positive for ketones. She recieved 8 units of regular insulin through an IV and 8 units per hour by IV infusion pump.Her blood sugar levels began to drop at about 100 mg/dL each hour. After seven hours her breathing an d pH went back to normal, following an injection of intravenous sodium bicarbonate to raise her pH and vigorous IV fluids and electrolyte replacement. 1. It seems her type 1 diabetes is uncontrolled. As her body could not use the sugar and there is not enough insulin, fat was used for fuel instead. During fat breakdown, byproducts called ketones are developed. Ketone bodies are acidic and dangerous when it build up in the body causing all her symptoms upon admission. . Yes, her pH levels became normal. Meaning her bicarbonate levels increased to compensate for the increased hydrogen proton levels in her blood. 3. When the body uses fat for energy instead of sugar, the body creates a byproduct called ketones. Since this is a byproduct, it flows through the renal system waiting to be expelled from the body. Normally, the existence of ketone bodies are detected through a urine sample. 4. The potassium results were high which can indicate some problem with her kidneys. 5.The low sodium results are based on the fact that sodiums job in the body is to keep proper acid-base equilibrium (homeostasis). Sodium has alkaline properties so if the levels are low the acid levels will be higher. 6. Diabetes can affect normal control of BP and can cause damage to the nerves supplying the blood vessels. When the blood pressure lowers the glomerular filtration rate decreases. 7. Anion gap measures of anions in the arterial blood. Anion gap equals chloride plus bicarbonate minus sodium Na-(Cl + HCO3-).The patient has a anion gap of 30. Normal levels are 7 to 16. 8. Osmolality measures the concentration of all chemical particles found in the fluid part of blood. Normal values range from 275 to 295. The patient has a osmolality of 351. 1 Summary 2: 14 year old boy that was never vaccinated against poliomyelitis got the disease late summer. He was hospitalized and needed a respirator during the severity of the illness. Once he began to recover, they took him off the respirator with no apparent effects. Days later a blood analysis revealed the following. H level is slightly acidic, carbon dioxide levels are high and indicate some respiratory acidosis, blood oxygen level is low, bicarbonate level is high, sodium levels are normal, potassium is normal, chloride level is slightly low, and total carbon dioxide levels are high. 1. It seems the patient has respiratory acidosis. Production of carbon dioxide occurs fast and the failure of proper ventilated increases the CO2 in the blood. 2. Buffers are normal compensatory mechanisms to respond to the acidosis. 3.Yes, the HCO3 (bicarbonate) test is elevated and bicarbonate is a buffer. 4. Acute respiratory acidosis is when a abrupt failure of ventilation occurs. Chronic respiratory acidosis may be secondary to many disorders. 5. Total CO2 measures the serum bicarbonate and available forms of carbon dioxide. Bicarbonate takes up about 95% of the total. They take the bicarbonate measurements by the sample of the venous bl ood and arterial blood gas analysis. 6. Chloride levels are slightly lower due to respiratory muscle weakness.

Medicinal Marijuana Should It Be Legal in All States Essay

There has been a lot of debate on whether or not marijuana should be legal for medicinal purposes in all fifty states. Many people believe that marijuana is an unsuitable substitute for many of the medications we have today. On the other hand, many researchers have conducted extensive studies that have shown how beneficial medicinal marijuana can be. Many states have already picked up on this, and have laws set in place to allow the use of medicinal marijuana. Medicinal marijuana has a wide variety of uses, and should be allowed for medicinal purposes in all fifty states. In the report, â€Å"Marijuana and Medicine,â€Å" released by the Institute of Medicine, it is stated â€Å"the most encouraging clinical data on the effects of cannabinoids on†¦show more content†¦(MedicalMarijuana.ProCon.org) One argument is that marijuana could never be a suitable medicine because of the damage that can occur from smoking the plant. The Institute of Medicine addressed this argument i n the report, â€Å"Marijuana and Medicine,† Marijuana is not a completely benign substance. It is a powerful drug with a variety of effects. However, except for the harm associated with smoking, the adverse effects of marijuana use are within the range tolerated for other medications. Thus, the safety issues associated with marijuana do not preclude some medical uses.(126). Although the Institute of Medicine have shown through studies that the benefits from marijuana out-weigh the negative aspect of smoking the plant as a delivery system, there are many other types of delivery systems available to eliminate the need to smoke the plant. Some of which include digesting the plant. Also extracting the THC and inhaling the vapors released when heated to boiling temperature. Marijuana has also been used to make many medications, including: Marinal, Cannibinor, Naboline, and Sativex. These medications were made from extracted THC or synthetic THC.(MedicalMarijuana.ProCon.org) A spe cific example of how medicinal marijuana has helped someone is, Peter Lewis, chairman of Progressive Insurance. Lewis was interviewed by Forbes magazine about his stance on medicinal marijuana. Lewis has spent many years andShow MoreRelatedThe Legalization Of Medicinal Marijuana1382 Words   |  6 Pagesof medicinal marijuana is a very controversial topic within Australia. Recently, Victoria took the first steps to legalise medicinal marijuana, referenced in Victorian Government s Access to Medicinal Cannabis Bill 2015 (12th April 2016) and passed by the Victorian Parliament. This is the beginning of â€Å"the process of enabling patients to access medicinal cannabis.† In spite of this forward move, the debate still rages. 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